上海树桌花园景观设计 | 大观景观

概述 

^Statement 

在中国，超过90%以上的中学都是公办学校，为周边社区提供了良好的基础教育服务，但传统的校园偏重于教室与实验室这些教学功能，对公共空间缺乏足够的关注。在室外，绿地虽然很多，但真正活动和交流空间却很少，并且缺少活力。

^{In China, more than 90% of secondary schools are public schools, which provide good basic education services for the surrounding communities. However, the traditional campuses focus on the teaching functions of classrooms and laboratories, and lack sufficient attention to public spaces. Outdoors, although there are many green spaces, there are few real activities and communication spaces, and they lack vitality.}

▲庭院鸟瞰

为适应当代学生教学和生活的新需求，上海市实验学校（Shanghai Experimental School，SES）在近两年进行了一系列的校园空间改造与更新。改造重点之一的就是位于校园建筑群核心的树桌花园。

改造设计在有限的尺度里将一个乏味的封闭绿化庭院变成了一个充满活力和趣味性的积极空间，为学生们提供了室外上课、做实验、聚餐以及做游戏的新空间，鼓励学生之间的交往与团队协作，为校园生活带来有了更多的可能性。

^{In order to adapt to the new needs of contemporary students' teaching and living, Shanghai Experimental School (SES) has carried out a series of indoor and outdoor renovations and updates in the past two years. One of the key points of the renovation is the tree-table garden at the heart of the campus complex.}

^{Renovation design transforms a boring closed green courtyard into a dynamic and interesting positive space on a limited scale, providing students with a new space for outdoor classes, experiments, dinners and games, encouraging students to The interaction and teamwork bring more possibilities to campus life.}

▲庭院原貌

设计说明 

^Narrative 

项目背景 

^Background

面对当代学生的教学和生活的新需求，上海市实验学校学校（SES）开展了对校园室内外多个空间的系列化改造，希望新空间能够帮助学校开展多样化的教学工作，同时能够给学生提供更多多样化的活动空间。

树桌花园改造前是位于几栋教学楼之间的一片正方形庭院，虽然地处学校中心位置，却十分封闭。其中10年前种下的植物经过多年生长后虽然茂盛，但却显得有些杂乱，几乎从各个角度都遮挡了视线。庭院边的走廊连接着食堂和体育馆，使用率很高，却被栏杆阻隔，令人几乎无法进入庭院。与庭院紧邻的一楼大厅是学校建筑的重要要出入口，由于庭院面貌不佳，朝向庭院的落地玻璃被全部贴上了海报，严实密闭，使得整个庭院与周边的关系更加剥离。现状庭院中的路径也有些令人迷惑，既起不到交通联系的作用，也支持不了更多的活动。

SES提出了针对庭院及周边建筑空间一体化的改造要求，景观设计师与室内设计师共同合作，希望打造一个开放的、室内外相融合的庭院空间。

^{Facing the new needs of contemporary students' campus life, Shanghai Experimental School (SES) has carried out a series of transformations on indoor and outdoor spaces in the campus. It is hoped that the new space will help schools carry out diversified teaching work and at the same time Students offer more diverse event spaces.}

^{Before the renovation of the tree table garden, there was a square courtyard between several teaching buildings. Although it was located in the center of the school, it was very closed. The plants planted 10 years ago, although they have flourished after many years of growth, are somewhat messy and obscure sights from almost every angle. The courtyard side corridor connects the canteen and the gymnasium, and the usage rate is high, but it is blocked by the railing, making it almost impossible to enter the courtyard. The first floor lobby adjacent to the courtyard is an important entrance for the school building. Due to the poor appearance of the courtyard, the floor-to-ceiling glass facing the courtyard is all affixed with posters, which are tightly sealed, which makes the relationship between the whole courtyard and the surrounding area more divestiture. The path in the current courtyard is also somewhat confusing, and it does not function as a transportation link, nor can it support more activities.}

^{SES proposed the transformation requirements for the integration of courtyard and surrounding building space. Landscape architects and interior designers work together to create an open, indoor and outdoor courtyard space.}

▲动线分析

▲树桌花园概览

▲树桌与大厅

设计意图 

^{Plan for design}

改造设计力图最大程度消除花园与建筑空间的隔离，建立室内室外一体化的空间体系。庭院空间要更加开放，满足日常穿行和活动的需求，师生们可以从各个方向地进入，并满足无障碍的需求。庭院空间还能够满足学生们各种多样化的使用，如户外上课、班级聚会、自然实验、游戏娱乐等，也便于举办学校层级的一些非正式、轻松的小规模交流活动。庭院原生树木全部保留，并能成为整个庭院的重要特征。

^{The transformation design strives to minimize the isolation between the garden and the building space, and establish a spatial system for indoor and outdoor integration. The courtyard space should be more open to meet the needs of daily walking and activities. Teachers and students can enter from all directions and meet the needs of barrier-free. The courtyard space can also meet the diverse use of students, such as outdoor classes, class gatherings, nature experiments, game entertainment, etc. It is also convenient to hold some informal and easy small-scale exchange activities at the school level. The native trees in the courtyard are all preserved and can be an important feature of the entire courtyard.}

▲保留下的11棵树木形成绿意盎然的上层覆盖

设计策略

^Strategies

开放与连接

^{Open and connected}

与建筑室内设计师共同合作，一楼大厅对庭院完全开放，连廊空间也拓展为学习和交流空间，与庭院空间完全融合。

改造后的庭院，采用了全通透的设计，四周均可进入，内部也能停留，方便了学生日常便捷无障碍穿行的需求。综合楼一楼大厅与对面的教学楼的视线联系被建立起来，校园空间的连续性得到显著提升。

同时得益于空间的开放和视线的通透，树木真正成为了庭院中显著的特色。


^{Working with architectural interior designers, the first floor lobby is completely open to the courtyard, and the corridor space is also expanded into a learning and communication space, fully integrated with the courtyard space.}

^{The reconstructed courtyard adopts a fully transparent design, which can be accessed all around and can be stopped inside, which is convenient for students' daily convenient and unobstructed travel. The line of sight of the first floor lobby of the complex building and the opposite school building was established, and the continuity of the campus space was significantly improved.}

^{At the same time, thanks to the openness of the space and the transparency of the line of sight, the trees have truly become a distinctive feature in the courtyard.}

▲树桌细部

▲树桌依照树干点位环绕放置

一个班的室外课堂与活力空间 

^{An outdoor classroom with a dynamic space}

新的庭院最终以树木和桌子为主要元素，被SES师生称为树桌花园。

作为整个花园最重要元素的树桌，看似自由随机的外型，实际上也是按照一个40人班级的课桌尺度演变而来。树桌定位依照原生树干点位环绕放置，四组自由曲线型的桌面，流动漂浮在大树之间，形成绿荫下的“树桌”，创造出与树为邻的学习空间，树桌的长度大于一个常规班级中所有课桌长度的总和，能够开展室外教学课程，间距与空隙则与周边建筑接口与通道对应。
树桌花园定义了SES第一处室外的非正式学习空间。与室内或半室内空间比起来，这里拥有更开放的环境氛围，有更便捷的步行体验和更绿色的自然景观。树桌花园鼓励老师和学生们的自由使用，拓展出原有庭院所不具备的功能。

树桌花园没有围栏，没有出入口，没有固定的座位，也没有繁琐的使用规则，有的只是尺度适宜的台面和平整的场地空间，鼓励各种充满想象力的多样化使用。在平常时分，树桌花园对SES来说是一片绿色的充满诗意的存在，安静地陪伴着老师和学生们，一旦当各种活动融入，这里瞬间成为充满活力的校园中心。

^{The new courtyard is finally dominated by trees and tables, and is called the Tree Table Garden by SES teachers and students.}

^{The tree table, which is the most important element of the whole garden, looks like a free and random appearance, and actually evolved according to the desk scale of a 40-person class. The tree table is positioned according to the position of the original trunk. Four sets of free-form desktops float and float between the trees to form a “tree table” under the shade of the trees, creating a learning space adjacent to the tree. The length is greater than the sum of the lengths of all the desks in a regular class. It can carry out outdoor teaching courses, and the spacing and gaps correspond to the surrounding building interfaces and channels. The Tree Table Garden defines the first informal learning space outside of SES. Compared with indoor or semi-indoor spaces, it has a more open environment, a more convenient walking experience and a greener natural landscape. The Tree Table Garden encourages the free use of teachers and students to expand the functions that the original courtyard does not have.}

^{There is no fence in the tree table garden, no entrances and exits, no fixed seats, no cumbersome rules of use, and some are only suitable scales and flat space, encouraging a variety of imaginative and diversified use. In normal times, Tree Table Garden is a green and poetic existence for SES, quietly accompanying teachers and students, once it is integrated into various activities, it instantly becomes a vibrant campus center.}

^{▲树桌花园为校园带来了开放的户外学习空间}

^{▲从大厅看树桌花园}

^{▲走廊改造后紧邻树桌花园}

^{▲复合型学习空间}

树木保留与雨水管理 

^{Tree retention and rainwater management}

原生的11棵树木都是非常普通的品种，一点都不名贵。但是经过多年的生长，已经形成了绿意盎然的上层覆盖，设计保留和延续这个元素，也是在延续校园的记忆，同时也是对生态的尊重。在保留了原生的11棵树木的同时，疏于管理的灌木和地被层部分被移除了，取代的是能够保障原生树木透水透气性的新的树桌设计。

同时，花园地面也采用了全透水地面，引导雨水快速下渗，也减少地面湿滑。考虑到建筑内外平接的地坪，为防止暴雨期间雨水倒灌入室内，花园四周采用了线形排水系统以便排掉多余的地面径流。

^{The original 11 trees are very common varieties, not at all expensive. However, after years of growth, the green upper layer has been formed, and the design retains and continues this element. It is also a memory of the campus and a respect for the ecology. While retaining the native 11 trees, the unmanaged shrubs and ground cover were partially removed, replacing the new tree table design that would protect the native trees from water and breathability.}

^{At the same time, the garden floor also adopts a fully permeable ground to guide the rapid infiltration of rainwater and also reduce the wetness of the ground. Taking into account the flat floor inside and outside the building, in order to prevent rainwater from pouring into the room during heavy rain, a linear drainage system is used around the garden to drain excess ground runoff.}

▲树桌花园成为充满活力的校园中心

结论
 

In conclusion


对比改造前的庭院和改造后的树桌花园可以看到，上层树木依然繁茂，然而树下空间则发生了改变。由缺少活力的封闭绿地转换为了一个充满活力和趣味性的积极空间，为学生们提供了室外上课、做实验、聚餐以及做游戏的新空间，给学生生活带来了更多的可能性。

^{Comparing the courtyard before the renovation and the tree garden in the renovation, we can see that the upper trees are still flourishing, but the space under the trees has changed. The transition from a lack of vitality to a vibrant green space provides a new space for students to take classes, experiment, gather, and play games, bringing more possibilities to student life.}

^{▲2015的庭院和2018的树桌花园}

^{▲秋季的树桌花园}

^{▲场地平面图}

^▲平面图

^{▲树桌原理图}

^{▲树桌推导过程}

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