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深圳南头古城活化与利用项目二期景观设计 | 奥雅设计

奥雅设计 2021-04-19

原创

项目名称：

深圳南头古城活化与利用
项目地点：

深圳市南山区南头古城
项目规模：

9,500㎡
设计公司：

奥雅设计
委托方：

深圳市南山区建筑工务署
建成时间：

2021.02
图片来源：

ACF域图视觉林涛韦立伟上官静煊

南头古城位于深圳经济特区的南山区，距今有近1700年的历史，见证了深圳中心区域的更新与发展。随着深圳的快速城市化和人口的不断迁入，南头古城迅速形成了城市中有村落，村落里有古城的复杂格局。作为古城，它曾经是“粤东首郡”，是深圳历史文化的宝贵遗存。建国初期,作为政府所在地，古城一直在深圳处于区域核心地位。

^{Nantou Ancient City (hereafter as: Nantou) is located in Nanshan District,Shenzhen. With a history of nearly 1700 years, it has witnessed the renewal anddevelopment of the historical city center in Shenzhen. Nantou is now aquickly developing urban village within the rapid urbanization and continuousimmigrations, but it has a complicated out-of–date urban spacestructure. As an ancient historical site, it used to be the "first countyin eastern Guangdong". It is really a valuable relic of local culturalhistory. In the 1950s, Nantou, as the seat of local government, was the corearea in Shenzhen.}

随着深圳城市规模越来越大，蓬勃发展的商品房市场和日益高涨的租赁需求，刺激了城中村的野蛮生长。作为城中村，南头是生活成本最低廉，最具人情味的生活区域。现今，南头古城作为历史古城和当代城中村的“共生体”，存在的人口和空间结构复杂、基础设施陈旧、文物保护困难、公共空间缺乏等问题，为该片区更新与改造带来了巨大挑战。

^{Through the rapid development recent decades, this urbanvillage has been favored and unreasonably developed by the booming commercialhousing market and increasing house rental demand for its lowest living costand most friendly human-oriented living ambience. However, it was a greatchallenge to renovate this ancient urban village for its complicated populationand spatial structure, outdated infrastructure, difficulties of cultural relicprotection, and lack of public space.}

包容性

^{INCLUSTIVENESS}

古城的原住人口约3万人，其中90%为流动人口，大多为低收入人群。南头的周边地块高楼耸立，相比之下, 南头古城的租金便宜超六成，成为了城市里低收入人群的无可替代的安身之所。与此同时，古城内部的建筑风格迥异、空间复杂。无论是从尊重历史，还是尊重城市发展的角度，城中村中的人和建筑都值得拥有更多的包容。

^{The aboriginal population is about 30,000 in Nantou, of which 90% arelow-income migrants. Compared with surrounding high-rise housing blocks, Nantouis absolutely an irreplaceable shelter for low-income migrants with its over60% cheaper house rental. Moreover, this ancient site is filled with differentarchitectural styles with inclusive space layout. Both the architectures andlifestyles here are needed to be respect whether from historical factors orurban development.}

设计通过文化展示、历史轴线、活化建筑的手法，有机串联了点线面不同的片区，编织多元包容的社区空间。设计注重原住民和外来人口、创客、游客等人群之间的积极互动，引入了文化空间、科创空间和文创空间的活化模式。将这些空间和社区人群融合起来，并植入具有古城特色的元素，有着耐人寻味的温馨与关怀。以此作为一种城市更新模式，丰富古城内原有的空间和人口结构，加强片区的在地文化吸引力，进而实现多元包容的社区复兴。

^{The project design well connects different areas fromdifferent viewing angles in a systematic way to build a diversified andinclusive community space by culture display, historic-axis connection andarchitecture revitalization. An activation mode was introduced to designcultural space, scientific innovation space and cultural innovation space, soas to achieve the active interaction between aborigines and immigrants, makers,tourists and other groups. Some tender feeling is spreading in this urban village when people are enjoying themselves in thesesocial spaces integrated with local ancient features. It establishes a model ofurban renewal to obtain the variety for existed monotonous structures of spaceand population here, and to enhance local cultural attraction, further to buildan inclusive livable community with vitality and diversity.}

弹性空间

^{RESILIENT SPACE}

面对南头复杂的人口结构和空间体系，设计团队针对南头主街的改造，决定采取划分区域、分类解决的改造思路，对街区进行分段控制和分级改造。以店铺前的高地的界限作为划分公私的界面，针对“有空地””无空地““仅有台阶”“共用铺前空间”的几种情况分类提出不同的设计策略。将台阶改造成组合座椅，搭配统一花箱形成街道两侧有活力有生命的弹性空间。

^{Considering the complicated population structure and spatial system inNantou, its main street was renovated segment by segment and stage by stagewith clear classifications. The boundary between public and private spaces wasdivided by the steps in front of the shops on the street. The shop facades werestrategically renovated according to the classified "with vacantland", "without vacant land", "only with steps", and"with shared front space". The existed step space in front of eachshop was renovated as series seating areas for the passersby, and decoratedwith unified flower boxes to create a resilient streetscape full of vibrancy.}

主街公共区域的设计根据街巷等级，选用风格统一的铺装以实现空间划分。另外，对于极具特色的保护建筑，设计团队结合建筑特点搭配植物软装，并预留弹性的活动空间。

^{The design of public areas was based on the grading of the main street and itslanes. Two paving materials with separate unified styles were selected for thestreet and lanes, so as to visually achieve clear spatial division. Inaddition, the historic buildings withdistinctive local features were well preserved and decorated byenergetic plants in a considerate way, also the flexibly functional space foractivities was reserved.}

历史古迹

^HERITAGE

南头古城不仅仅是人口密集、空间复杂的城中村，还是拥有悠久历史文化的古城。为延续古城文化活力，设计使用了具有上百年历史的报德祠等古建筑剩余材料。古城靠近中山公园的入口设计将这些旧材料加以回收，加入透光混凝土等新材料，形成了新的肌理自然、富有历史感的入口景墙。

^{Nantou is not only a densely populated urban village with complicated spacesystem, but also an ancient cultural site with a long history. In order tobetter preserve and keep on local cultural vitality, the projectdesign used the remaining materials of ancient buildings which had ahundred years such as Baode Temple building stuff. The ancient city entrancewhich is close to Zhongshan Park was designed to recycle these primordialmaterials. By combing with modern materials such astransparent concrete, a new natural and historical entrance landscape wall wasdexterously formed.}

古城街巷的更新以岭南广府建筑风格为基调，铺装材料也主要应用回收的原有石料，通过控制新旧材料、元素的选择与应用比例，营造了古今交融的文化场景。

^{Based on local Ling-nan Cantonese architectural style,the main street and its lanes are mainly paved by recycled local stones aswell. Modern and historical materials and design elements are reasonablyapplied on this ancient site as if a dialogue on culture were being vividlyperformed through time and space.}

基础设施

^{INFRASTRUCTURE}

南头古城主街的改造还存在基础设施的提升的关键问题。事实上，主街是一个南北朝向的斜坡，布满了高低不一的井盖和混乱的电线和管道。为了平衡主街与建筑入口的高差，设计利用台阶组合座椅为居民提供休息空间，并将原有的管线藏入其中。设计合理地规划落实了主街的分类垃圾投放点和成品箱式的消防站点。

^{Infrastructure improvement is another key issue in this project. Actually,the main street was a north-south ramp with manhole covers of varying heightsand disordered wires and pipes. The renovated seating areas in front of theshops are also functioned to balance the height difference between the mainstreet and the entrances of buildings along the street, meanwhile, to hide theexisted disordered wires and pipes, creating a pleasant streetscape forvisitors and passersby. Classified trash cans and box-type outdoor firehydrants are reasonably set on the street.}

主街巷的排水是应用横向线性截水沟和带有古城元素的金属排水口来解决。植物的种植设计根据现场高差所能提供的覆土厚度，分为了盆栽、种植池等形式。这些举措不仅保障了古城居民现代的生活需求，还极大改善了古城内的空间环境质量。

^{Horizontal linear interceptorditches are installed with ancient-style metal drainage outlets to solve thedrainage problem on the whole site. The plant palette is designed with plantingpots and beds according to the thickness of soil cover by the site heightdifference. These designing measures not only meet the residents’ needs ofcontemporary daily life, but also greatly improve the quality of spaceenvironment on the whole site.}

恢复古城生活

^{LIFE RENEWAL}

除了主街改造和历史古迹保护，我们还通过调研当地居民的行为模式和生活方式，发现城内的公共空间有限，无法满足他们的使用需求。因此，设计对公共开放空间通过可持续、低干预的综合改造手段来恢复古城生活。

^{Through the investigation on local residents’ behavior patterns andlifestyles, designers found there were limited public spaces to meet theireveryday needs here. Whereupon, in addition to the reconstruction of mainstreet and the reparative protection of historic monuments, the existed important public open spaces were allrenovated in a sustainable way with low interventions, such as SouthSquareEast Gatehouse, Guanye Temple, Baode Temple, etc.. Moreover, greeninfrastructure is pleasantly set on these public spaces to create a comfortableand cozy greenbelt for residents, endowing the ancient site with full ofvitality.}

设计改造了南门广场、东城门、关爷庙、报德祠等关键场地，并增加基础设施使其成为一个舒适惬意的绿地。其中，南门广场将原有冗余的灌木清除，改建成了开阔的绿地空间。保留了原有的大榕树、散置石，使之成为具有场所记忆的空间。

^{In detail, the existing redundant shrubs on South Square are removedto build an open green space, and the large banyan and scattered stones arepreserved to keep an ambience of reminiscence. Traditional scenes of everydaylife, such as enjoying opera-and-tea time, dragon-lion dancing performance andtrading fairs, all return here for local residents by the renovation of publicspaces.}

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公共空间的改造不仅重现了听戏喝茶、舞龙舞狮、居民市集等古城传统的生活场景，还提供了展览、演艺、创意集市等多样化平台。至此，改造后公共空间不仅满足了多样化的活动需求，还充满古城原有的生活气息。

^{The renovated spaces also provide diverse platforms for variousactivities like exhibitions, artistic performances and creativity fairs. As aresult, the renovation provides Nantou and her residents with ample space fordiverse activities, and return local original life style to residents.}

与城市共生

^SYMBIOSIS

南头古城的更新聚焦于古迹维护和城中村改造，引入了传统手工艺、美食、民俗、创意市集、博物馆群和主题展览等各类活动。南头古城作为深圳的文化发源地，成为了一个让人享受和珍惜的城市地标性场所。它从原来低端的城中村，变成集聚文创、居住、商业的城市共生生态圈。古城内的人们既保持原有的生活常态，也能在宽敞的公共空间开展活动。

^{The project laid emphasis on the maintenance of historical sites and therenovation of this urban village, introducing various design elements for localactivities such as traditional handicrafts, food, folk customs, creativityfairs, museum groups and themed exhibitions. As the birthplace of local culturein Shenzhen, Nantou becomes a landmark for people to appreciate and cherish itshistorical and cultural heritage. Through the renovations, it has successfullytransformed from a low-end urban village into an urban symbiotic ecosystem withintegrated cultural creativity, residence and commerce. Local residents stillkeep their original normal lifestyle, but they could now enjoydiverseactivities in the more spacious public spaces.}

同时，古城既为新加入的人群提供了文化、创意的活动平台，也低收入群体在地价日益昂贵的城市里提供了优质、低价的生存空间。然而，城中村的改造更新是一个复杂持续的过程。未来，南头古城会在复杂现代城市背景中探索出自己的可持续模式，带动周边地区的协同发展，以期为世界范围内其他城市的更新提供了可行性的解决策略。

^{Meanwhile, the renewed NantouAncient City provides not only an ideal cultural and creative activity platformfor newcomers, but also a high-quality livable space with low rent forlow-income groups surviving in the metropolis with increasingly expensive landprices. Nevertheless, the renewal of urban villages is a complex and continuousprocess, while this project is just a beginning. In the future, Nantou willexplore a sustainable development mode itself in the complex modern citybackground, to lead the coordinated development with surrounding areas, with aview to providing feasible solutions for the urban-village renewal of othercities around the world.}