江苏南通紫琅公园景观设计 | AECOM

“已经成为南通公众打卡热点的紫琅湖，其魅力远不止于超高颜值，更是为城市一直以来洪涝和热岛问题提供高品质解决方案的典型示范。”

^{Zilang Park has transformed into one of Nantong’s must-see attractions while effectively mitigating flood and the effects of urban heat island in the city.}

2016年底，为了进一步完善中央创新区的生态基础设施建设，南通市政府着手推动南通紫琅公园（以下简称“紫琅公园”）的景观规划设计。位于该区域中心的紫琅公园，占地266公顷，其中生态栖息地面积150公顷，具备防洪调蓄能力的水域面积116公顷。场地中规划了一条超过14公里的生态慢行绿道和一条长达20公里的生物走廊，不仅将人与自然相连接，也为迁徙鸟类、授粉昆虫等各种物种提供了赖以生存繁衍的栖息地。

^{As an essential part of the Nantong Municipal Government’s plan to promote the local central innovation zone, the planning and design of Nantong Zilang Central Forest Park (Zilang Park) started at the end of 2016. Located at the center of the zone, the park covers an area of 266 hectares, including 150 hectares of ecological habitat area and 116 hectares of water area with flood control and storage capacity. A 14-kilometer ecological greenway and a 20-kilometer biological corridor are planned on the site, which not only connects people with nature, but also improves biodiversity and stormwater management.} 

目前，将于2020年底全面完工的紫琅公园为中央创新区的生态平衡和社会效益奠定了良好的基础。高比例的绿化率成为提升公园区域空气氧离子含量、降低人体体感温度、减少环境噪音、增加空间舒适度的有效手段。生态设施的完善也为社会发展创造了新的机会。生态设施的完善也为社会发展创造了新的机会。2019年至2020年间，紫琅湖的落成令中央创新区实现了大幅度的游客总量增长，吸引高新科技企业投资同比增长2.4倍，为南通当地就业率提升高效助力。

^{Moreover, the project brings great social benefits to the local area, including a rise in oxygen levels in the atmosphere, a drop in noise pollution and a reduction in urban heat island effect. The improved ecological infrastructure has also created new opportunities for social development. From 2019 to 2020, the central innovation zone achieved a substantial increase in the total number of tourists. The investment from high-tech companies increased 2.4 times on a year-on-year basis, effectively boosting local employment in Nantong.}

让这里成为所有人的乐园

作为这片滨水森林公园的景观设计团队，AECOM不仅全面保护、保育和提升了150公顷的野生动植物栖息地，恢复当地生物多样性，更从韧性生态的角度出发，通过修复河道、营造山体和山谷、丰富的疏林草坪来建立稳定的风廊微气候系统，以缓解城市热岛效应，打造可持续发展的都市绿心。

^{▲构建风廊，改善区域微气候} 

同时设计还为游客提供骑行、慢跑和游园的连续流线，贯通风景秀丽的立体慢行系统，为全年龄段的人群提供全天候的景观参与空间，全面提升人体舒适度，使紫琅公园成为当地广受喜爱的休闲目的地。

^{Additionally, the area provides a new destination for local people to engage in various activities along the lake such as jogging and sight-seeing.}

^{▲为全年龄段的人群提供全天候的景观参与空间}

设计后的公园包括三大部分：山林和河道位于公园的北部，园区中部营造生态湿地，南湖则是公园最重要的滨水开放空间。

北部地区被设计成一个水系环绕的山地森林公园，起伏的丘陵地貌、开阔的湖泊水域和成片草坪为当地居民提供了宜人的户外活动空间。这片林地也因拥有不同地貌和水体而建立起稳定的风廊微气候系统，区域内环境温度和二氧化碳含量降低，有效缓解城市热岛效应。

中部的生态湿地成为展示当地生物多样性的自然栖息地示范区。通过不同季相的60多种本地开花植物及40多种乡土树种的种植，营造出生态的水上森林，为野生鸟类和昆虫等物种提供自然栖息地，展示湿地演替的过程。

^{The north zone is designed to be a forest park surrounded by watercourses. The open lake and lawns provide a pleasant outdoor space while the various landforms and waterbody create wind corridors to improve regional micro-climate by decreasing temperature and carbon dioxide.} 

^{The middle zone is an artificial wetland, which is also a bio-diverse paradise. More than 60 kinds of native flowering plants and 40 native tree species were cultivated for different seasons. An ecological water forest was created, providing natural habitats for wild birds and insects, and showing visitors the process of wetland succession.} 

南湖是整个园区的雨水收集器，具有强大的弹性调蓄能力，有效缓解区域内涝问题。同时，湖区也为当地居民提供了一个休闲新去处，湖滨跑道、湖山广场、滨水游乐场、休闲观景台和多功能运动场满足不同年龄段的人群享受都市生态空间的需求，激发孩子们探索自然栖息地的兴趣，发挥生态教育的重要作用。

^{The south lake is regarded as a “bio-tank” which collects water from the whole region with a resilient function. It interconnects with a bio-system that is built on green areas and communities, such as stormwater collection gardens and water shed mitigation facilities.} 

^{▲南湖生态浅水漫滩提供儿童参与科普及亲水活动的理想户外场所}

值得一提的是，设计倡导绿色低碳的慢行交通系统，综合考虑景观节点的可达性，沿水系设置各种形式的连续步行系统，不同标高的步道、栈桥、平台、台阶将公共活动广场和园区的人行动线串联起来，形成层次丰富的立体漫步系统，为使用者提供安全舒适的步行体验。

^{▲漫步在低生态影响的步道上，享受探索自然的乐趣}

^{▲提供多元城市活动的湖山广场，串联狼山与南通大剧院，成为湖山轴线的关键景观节点}

用一剂良方，还一片清流

项目所在地南通地处长江中下游平原，河道资源丰富，但也遭受着经常性的洪涝问题。在汛期和台风季节城市内涝尤其严重，并对城市基础设施造成较为严重的损害。在快速的城市化发展进程中，河道水质因为过度使用农药、生活污水排放等城市问题而被污染，场地原有的河道也遭到严重破坏，逐渐丧失雨洪调蓄能力。面对频繁发生的季节性内涝灾害、日渐老化的城市基础设施，我们应该如何调节城市整体生态平衡、从根本上防治洪涝问题？

Nantong’s geological location and natural environment initially brought challenges to the park’s design. The city is located in the Yangtze River Plain and suffers regular flooding due to its copious watercourses. It becomes worse at the onset of typhoons. Radical urbanization and contamination from the overuse of pesticide also contributed to the heavy destruction of watercourses.

^{▲现状水文条件}

针对现状问题，项目团队意识到“水敏感城市设计”是应对挑战的有效方法，将连续的河道和两个生态湿地连接起来，打造“水敏感型景观”，极大地改善了城市水环境问题。

^{To mitigate these long-standing problems, AECOM used the “Water-sensitive Design” approach. Since most of the existing watercourses were located south of the site, and the water systems on the two sides were segregated, rainwater could not be stored.}

^{▲建立以水道、湿地、湖泊为基础的水敏感景观框架，应对城市洪涝问题}

“水敏感城市设计”是一种将“水”置于城市设计的开端并将其贯穿于每一环节，使水资源的使用、储存和再利用在一个“可持续”的框架中运行的城市设计理念。通过高质量的规划设计，“水敏感城市设计”将自然界的水循环、建成环境和传统地下水系统有机联系起来，创造一个更为综合高效的水循环系统，从而提高城市对洪涝灾害的免疫能力和水质净化能力。

以紫琅公园为例，现状水道主要集中分布在场地南部，但互不连通的水道系统无法解决雨水调蓄问题。设计师提出了一个综合的韧性水文设计框架，将连续的水渠和两个人工生态湿地连接起来。人工湿地作为生态海绵过滤器，对进入南湖之前的水道水质进行过滤净化。过滤后的水体进入南湖，通过大型湖区发挥调蓄作用以减轻洪涝的影响。目前，景观湖体水质已经提升至III类水。

^{To mitigate these long-standing problems, AECOM used the “Water-sensitive Design” approach.}

^{Since most of the existing watercourses were located south of the site, and the water systems on the two sides were segregated, rainwater could not be stored. Our design team proposed a framework for an integrated and resilient waterbody, which connects consecutive channels and two artificial wetlands. The wetlands serve as eco-sponge filters to purify the water before entering the south lake.}

研究表明，我们设计的生态系统理论上可在7天内实现水体自净。实际操作中结合到长江的潮汐情况以及内河水质，实际净化周期基本控制在15天内。结合实验结果，搭建以水道、湿地和湖泊为基础的水敏感景观体系。人工湿地作为生态海绵过滤器，对进入南湖之前的水道水质进行过滤净化。过滤后的水体进入南湖，通过大型湖区发挥调蓄作用以减轻洪涝的影响。目前，景观湖体水质已经提升至III类水。

^{Our design team proposed a framework for an integrated and resilient waterbody, which connects consecutive channels and two artificial wetlands. The wetlands serve as eco-sponge filters to purify the water before entering the south lake. In addition, the team also applied a technology to restore microbe and aquatic creatures in creating a self-cleaning water system in the south lake. This technology activates microbe Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) reproduction by supplying needed nutrition, and stabilizes the ecological equilibrium, which is significant in the water self-cleaning system.}

此外，微生物和水生生物修复技术成为稳定水质的重要手段，这项生态净水技术被用于改善南湖水质，使其达到理想水质标准。生态浅滩和雨水花园也是水质提升的关键因素，它们作为人工表流湿地的重要环节，能有效提升公园的生物多样性和雨水管理能力，进而实现韧性水文的目的。

^{In addition, the team also applied a technology to restore microbe and aquatic creatures in creating a self-cleaning water system in the south lake. This technology activates microbe Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) reproduction by supplying needed nutrition, and stabilizes the ecological equilibrium, which is significant in the water self-cleaning system.}

项目信息

^{设计时间：2017-2018，完成年份：2020年底完全建成}

^{设计团队：鞠珩、吴琨、黄启杰、杨振宇、庞舒婷、李文娟、徐芳怡、郭顺汉、李毓贤、黄恭倬、梁海珊、张君弛、姜婧、李晓雨、张之彦、戴熙为、罗健萍、唐海玉、陈明、孙俊、雷森、王晶、施曦明、吴珅宴}

^{项目地址：中国江苏省南通市的中央创新区}

^{用地面积：公园用地面积266公顷}

^{摄影版权：©AECOM（摄影师：江丹、陈亮）}

^{合作方：中国城市规划设计研究院}

^{上海市政工程设计研究院有限公司}

^{上海市园林设计研究总院有限公司}

^{上海市城市建设设计研究总院有限公司}

^{北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司}

^{上海森语景观绿化工程公司}

^{上海复旦规划建筑设计研究院有限公司}

^{南通市市政工程设计院有限责任公司}

^{客户：南通市中央创新区开发建设管理办公室}

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