《景观设计学》2022年第3期 全龄友好与包容性城市

以法治的力量，推进全龄友好与包容性城市建设

Advance the Construction of Inclusive Cities for All via Statutory Powers

（吕世明，《景观设计学》2022年第3期“主编寄语”）

2022年10月27日，《中华人民共和国无障碍环境建设法（草案）》（以下简称“草案”）提请十三届全国人大常委会第三十七次会议第二次全体会议审议，这是我国首次就无障碍环境建设制定专门性法律，标志着我国无障碍环境建设立法进入实质性推进阶段。我本人作为全国人大常委会委员亲历审议全过程，深切感受到全过程人民民主的中国特色社会主义法治体系的优越制度和实践伟力，铭刻着一种新时代新征程的使命责任和历史担当。

无障碍环境建设立法是国之大事、民之幸事，与人民群众对美好生活的向往息息相关。无障碍环境建设是实现“全龄友好”和“包容性”社会的重要条件，也是城市建设与发展的重要内容。在人类社会的发展中，不断满足各年龄段人群的需求才是构建和谐社会生活的本原。因此，“全龄友好”“包容性”和“无障碍”与城市更新、城市体检、城乡建设发展的“可持续”相辅相成、相向并行、不可分割。高质量、高品质无障碍环境家园更是为人人所想、人人所盼、人人乐享。《桃花源记》中描绘的“黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐”的那种理想生活境界，期盼能在全龄友好与包容性城市建设中得以实现。

“全龄友好与包容性城市”必定是温馨温暖的。在本次审议的草案中，提出“有无障碍需求的社会成员”的概念，将无障碍环境受益人群的范围扩大，这是无障碍理念意识的更新和升华，是社会文明进步的飞跃。如今，无障碍环境建设已绝不仅仅是为残障群体的“特惠”，而是面向所有人的“普惠”，这为城市建设与发展指明了方向。在保障残疾人、老年人等重点需求人群的基础上，无障碍环境必将更好地惠及和服务于社会全体成员。特别是在我国人口老龄化进程加速和“多孩”生育政策实施的背景下，“一老一小”成为全社会关注的焦点和热点，而“一老一小”涉及所有人的家庭。因此，每个人都将成为无障碍环境的受益者。

“全龄友好与包容性城市”必定是可及可达的。无障碍环境建设不仅体现在普惠的、高品质的公共服务需求上，也体现在对特殊需求的特色或个性化的服务之中，让所有人都能享有无障碍环境带来的安全和便捷，都能在需要的时候获得贴心的关爱，从而达到从“全龄友好”到“全生命周期”的呵护，维护人民的尊严和权益，让人民的获得感、幸福感和安全感更加充实、更有保障、更可持续。因此，“全龄友好与包容性城市”建设中的无障碍环境要坚持“通用设计”的理念，并提升设计的系统性、全面性、连续性和科学性，让所有人都能无障碍畅享整座城市的每一条道路、每一座建筑、每一片绿地……让幸福可及可达，让美好无所不在。

“全龄友好与包容性城市”必定是舒适自由的。高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的主题和首要任务，宜居宜业宜行宜游宜乐的无障碍环境是“全龄友好与包容性城市”的建设目标。党中央高度重视无障碍环境建设，我国无障碍环境建设伴随着国民经济和社会文明的发展同样取得了显著成就，社会成员感知感受的无障碍环境渗透于日常生活产生的非凡价值和明显变化有目共睹。然而，当前还存在诸多亟待解决的问题：在城市更新中，大量的新建改建项目亟需高质量的无障碍专业化指导；城乡面临大量的适老化工程、老旧小区改造、儿童友好型环境建设、家庭无障碍改造等涉及人民群众“急难愁盼”的问题，这些都需要加大力度解决。住房和城乡建设部颁布的相关强制性标准是“及时雨”，将有力促进建设工程在规划、设计、施工、监理、验收各个环节落实无障碍要求，对于促进无障碍环境建设普惠式发展、高质量发展，提升城乡无障碍环境建设普及度意义重大。

新时代的无障碍环境建设在继续解决“有没有”的同时，更要努力解决“好不好”“管不管用”的问题。因此，无障碍环境建设立法，立足国情实际，与经济社会发展水平相适应，对涉及社会生活方方面面的无障碍环境建设规范和要求作出规定，让无障碍环境建设永远成为社会发展中的“必答题”，而不是“选择题”，并给出明确的高标准“答案”。对于“全龄友好与包容性城市”建设，我们只有以“平等、融合、共享”的理念，一丝不苟、毫不怠慢、履约守法地全面高质量、高品质推进无障碍环境建设，落实无障碍设计的各项要求，严把设计、施工、验收各项关口，才能无愧于时代、无愧于人民、无愧于自己身上的这份担子，在实际工作岗位上作出应有的贡献。

On October 27, 2022, the Act on Accessible Environment Construction of the People’s Republic of China (Draft) was reviewed at the Second Plenary Session of the 37th Meeting of the 13th Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. This is the first law special for the construction of accessible environments in China, indicating the country’s big advance in in legislation progress of such constructions. As a member of the Standing Committee, I witnessed the reviewing process of the Draft, recognizing the strengths of Chinese system of socialist rule of law and its practice.

Legislation on accessible environment construction is a national agenda that matters the people’s aspirations for a better life and will benefit all the people. As an essential component to urban development and the improvement of urban environments, accessible environment construction would better ensure the building of inclusive cities for all. In contemporary societies, it is essential to satisfy the needs of citizens of all ages so as to advance the construction of a harmonious society. In this sense, a city being “friendly to all ages,” “inclusive,” and “accessible” is as important as being “sustainable” in urban renewal and urban-rural development. Only in this way, can we build a quality urban environment for everyone—an ideal world as depicted in the Peach Blossom Spring.

An inclusive city for all should be warm. The Draft proposes to expand the covering population towards all members of the society with accessibility needs. This would enrich and update the connotations of related concepts and ideas, representing a milestone of China’s social civilization. Today, accessible environments are no longer “exclusively” created for the disabled, but “inclusively” designed for all—not only meeting the demands of vulnerable groups (the disabled, the elderly, etc.), but also better satisfying the use and experiences of all individuals. As population aging accelerates and a series of policies released to encourage childbirth in China, how to guarantee the use of urban environments to both the elderly and children now becomes a concern to most Chinese families, to the extent that everyone can benefit from the construction of accessible environments.

An inclusive city for all should be accessible. Accessible environments provide not only inclusive generic public services, but also special services for people who might need. A safe and convenient environment shall be accessible to all when needed, providing care for all individuals at different stages of life. With their dignity protected and rights guaranteed, people will attain a more complete and lasting sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security. Therefore, the construction of accessible environments should adopt more systematic, comprehensive, continuing, and scientific universal design that can ensure everyone’s access to all roads, buildings, green spaces, etc. Lovely urban spaces shall be readily accessible to everyone.

An inclusive city for all should be comfortable and open. Quality urban development is the top goal to build China into a modern socialist country in all aspects. In the development of inclusive cities for all, it is critical to build accessible environments suitable for living, work, transport, travel, and recreation. Highly concerned by the central committee of CPC, the construction of accessible environments has realized remarkable achievements along with the social advance and economic growth. Perceivable and pervasive accessible environments have brought about significant convenience to our daily life. Still, many issues need to be addressed. Newly-built and renovated projects of urban renewal are in bad need of professional guidance in terms of the practice of accessible environment construction. We should also speed up to resolve urgent and challenging tasks, such as facility renewals for senior citizens, old residential community renovation, children-friendly environment construction, and accessible household transformation. Compulsory regulations timely issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development provide guidelines to realize accessible requirements of each project, ranging from planning, design, construction, and supervision to acceptance. This has contributed much to the broad promotion and high-quality development of accessible environments and the accessible design of urban-rural environments.

In the new era of China’s urbanization, the construction of accessible environments should be improved in quality and efficiency, in addition to availability. The Draft, developed upon China’s reality and the level of economic and social development, lists comprehensive regulations and requirements on the development of accessible environments. Thus, the construction of accessible environments should be an integral part of social development which needs feasible, high-standard solutions. Only guided by the principles of “equality, integration, and sharing,” can we—planners, designers, builders, managers, monitors, etc.—fulfill our duties to realize the envisioned accessible environments.

主编寄语

以法治的力量，推进全龄友好与包容性城市建设（吕世明）

每个人都很重要——包容友好的城市空间营造（汤湃，董楠楠）

论文

基于扎根理论的城市公园游憩者包容性感知及影响因素研究（周兆森，林广思）

天津市社区公园儿童与植物交互的自发游戏及环境特征研究（田靖雯，张秦英，李佳滢，张博伦）

观点与评论

从制图－监测－建模－管理视角谈对城市绿地量化研究的八点思考（陈斌，Chris WEBSTER）

探索与过程

厄瓜多尔境内安第斯山脉上的种植设计：回忆、韧性与再连接（Gabriela ARÉVALO ALVEAR）

住宅如水：对香港吉澳渔村住宅类型的观察与思考（苏畅）

【中文刊名】《景观设计学》

【英文刊名】Landscape Architecture Frontiers

【作者】吕世明（LV Shiming），汤湃（TANG Pai），董楠楠（DONG Nannan），周兆森（ZHOU Zhaosen），林广思（LIN Guangsi）等

【出版社】高等教育出版社有限公司

【页码】94页彩色印刷

【刊号】ISSN 2096-336X

【出版日期】2022年6月

【定价】68.00元

每个人都很重要——包容友好的城市空间营造

Everyone Counts—Creating Inclusive and Friendly Urban Spaces

作者：汤湃，董楠楠  TANG Pai, DONG Nannan

摘要

城市中多元的社会群体在为城市的蓬勃发展作出贡献的同时，也享有城市提供的优质生活和丰富发展机会的权利。然而，包括老年人、儿童及其他特殊人群在内的群体，在获取城市资源、参与城市决策等方面往往处于弱势地位。为共享城市发展成果，以全龄友好的视角推动城市以更加包容的姿态关注弱势群体的需求、权益和福利，逐渐成为美好城市发展的重要目标。作者认为，包容友好的城市空间营造既要求景观设计从业人员工作方法的精进，更要求其设计理念的革新。

关键词

城市空间营造；包容性城市；共享服务；弱势群体；老幼群体；

Abstract

While making contributions to the prosperity of cities, diverse population groups have the equal right to enjoy quality urban life. However, senior citizens, children, and the disabled are vulnerable when it comes to the access to urban resources and the participation of city’s decision-making. To make the well-beings brought by urban development available to all, it is essential for a city to be inclusive by paying more attention to the needs, benefits, and rights of the disadvantaged groups. The authors believe that the creation of inclusive and friendly urban spaces requires not only new design methods and approaches, but also changes of design philosophy and mindset.

Keywords

Creation of Urban Spaces; Inclusive City; Shared Benefits; Vulnerable and Disadvantaged Groups; Children and Seniors; Public Participation

基于扎根理论的城市公园游憩者包容性感知及影响因素研究

Research on the Influencing Factors of Users’ Perception of the Inclusiveness of Urban Parks Based on the Grounded Theory

作者：周兆森，林广思  ZHOU Zhaosen, LIN Guangsi

摘要

城市公园包容性的塑造能够切实保障不同类别游憩者——尤其是弱势群体——的游憩机会与游憩体验，也是达成城市绿地景观公正的重要途径。本研究以探究游憩者对城市公园包容性主观感知与评价的影响因素为目标，通过扎根理论的方法，对城市公园游憩者与管理者、风景园林研究者与设计师进行访谈数据的收集，经过对数据资料的三级编码及分析，发展出场地条件感知、场地使用情况、可独立出行性、空间与设施的供需匹配、游憩干扰与限制、积极的情感体验、广泛的社会参与、场所的精神认同等8个影响游憩者对城市公园包容性感知的主范畴及其30个构成因子，共同构建了城市公园包容性感知影响因素模型。该模型显示，游憩者的评价是基于对场地条件及使用情况的观察和自身游憩体验两个层面展开，后者同时涵盖物理和心理两个维度，它们可通过设计排斥的概念进行解释和归纳，物理环境品质将影响游憩者精神与情感的变化。该模型明晰了包容性评价的路径及关键因子，为今后以景观公正为目标的建设与发展提供了理论参考。

关键词

城市绿地；景观公正；社会公平；包容性设计；设计排斥；扎根理论；模型

Abstract

The improvement of the inclusiveness of urban parks can guarantee the recreational opportunities and experience of different user groups, especially the vulnerable ones, and is also an important way to promote the justice of urban green landscape. The research explores the influencing factors to park users’ perception and evaluation on the inclusiveness of urban parks. Through the three-level data coding and analysis, a model consisting of eight main categories (i.e. site conditions, site usage, independent mobility, supply-demand matching capacity of space and facilities, interference and limitation of recreational activities, positive emotional experience, broad social participation, and place identity) which cover 30 influencing factors to individuals’ perception of the inclusiveness of urban parks is established. The model shows that park users evaluate the inclusiveness of urban parks upon their observation of site conditions and usage, and their own recreational experience; while the latter is affected by both physical and psychological factors related to passive exclusion and active exclusion, according to the concept of design exclusion. The disparity of the physical environmental quality of urban parks would lead to users’ different emotions and feelings about recreational activities. The model helps clarify the path and key factors of inclusiveness evaluation and provides a theoretical reference for future research and practice of landscape justice.

Keywords

Urban Green Spaces; Landscape Justice; Social Equity; Inclusive Design; Design Exclusion; Grounded Theory; Model

天津市社区公园儿童与植物交互的自发游戏及环境特征研究

Research on Spontaneous Play and Environmental Characteristics Related to Children’s Interaction With Plants in Community Parks of Tianjin

作者：田靖雯，张秦英*，李佳滢，张博伦  TIAN Jingwen, ZHANG Qinying, LI Jiaying, ZHANG Bolun

摘要

随着包容性城市、儿童友好城市建设的兴起，城市儿童的亲自然权利受到广泛关注。本研究以天津市中心城区的4个社区公园为例，依据认知发展理论、儿童游戏相关理论、可供性理论等，通过行为观察、行为注记、问卷调查、半结构式访谈等方法收集儿童的游戏行为、记录游戏发生时的植物信息及周边环境信息，以探究3～12岁儿童与植物互动时的游戏类型偏好及对应的植物环境特征。研究采用统计学中的计量分析、交叉表卡方检验等，分析儿童开展各类游戏的频数及不同植物个体、不同环境要素下植物各类可供性的发生情况，以及样本人群在不同环境下开展游戏的具体情况等。结果显示，在高密度城市环境中，儿童能够发挥亲自然天性，利用现有绿地特征，积极运用植物的感知可供性、使用可供性和塑造可供性开展各类游戏。儿童与植物的交互游戏增加了其与自然的直接接触，可初步满足城市儿童日常生活中的自然体验需求。植物种类丰富、特色鲜明及周边环境特征多样的绿地空间，能够激发更多的植物可供性。设计应关注儿童天然、自发开展的游戏内涵，针对特定空间类型满足游戏需求、引入种类丰富且各具特色的植物、开发其他环境要素的辅助功能、引入挑战与冒险游戏及增强安全与环境教育，促进城市的公平性、包容性及可持续性发展。

关键词

儿童；社区公园；植物景观；环境特征；自发游戏

Abstract

With the advance of inclusive city and child-friendly city construction, children’s opportunities to access nature have gained increasing concern. This study explored the play preference of children aged between 3 and 12 years old when they interact with plants, as well as the corresponding environmental characteristics, with four community parks in Tianjin as examples. It collected data on behaviors, plants, and environmental factors in the surroundings concerning children’s play with plants via multiple methods including behavioral observation, behavioral mapping, questionnaire, and semi-structured interview, which were examined under theories related to cognitive development, children’s play, and affordance. Employing methods such as quantitative analysis and cross tabulation analysis, the study further obtained the frequency of children’s various types of play and the affordance provided by different plants in varied environments, as well as the specific play behaviors in these environments. The findings show that due to the biophilic nature, children are able to actively make use of existing green spaces and utilize the perceived affordance, used affordance, and shaped affordance of plants to play various types of games in high-density urban environment. Children’s interaction/ play with plants increases their direct connection with nature and can basically meet their daily needs for natural experience; green spaces where there are plants with diverse species and characteristics and varied environmental factors in the surroundings can stimulate more plant affordances. Future landscape design should pay more attention to how to facilitate children’s natural and spontaneous play by creating diverse places for different play needs, introducing rich and distinctive plants, developing supporting functions of other environmental elements, encouraging challenging and adventurous play, and strengthening safety and environmental education.

Keywords

Children; Community Park; Plant Landscape; Environmental Characteristics; Spontaneous Play

从制图－监测－建模－管理视角谈对城市绿地量化研究的八点思考

Eight Reflections on Quantitative Studies of Urban Green Space:

A Mapping-Monitoring-Modeling-Management (4M) Perspective

作者：陈斌，克里斯·韦伯斯特  CHEN Bin, Chris WEBSTER

摘要

绿地是城市环境的重要组成部分，为我们的社会经济文化活动提供了可观的生态系统服务。既有研究已广泛采用众多旨在测度绿地供需关系，衡量可用性、可达性和可见度的指标，以从局地到区域尺度评估可持续发展目标的实现情况。本文中，作者总结了对城市绿地量化研究的八点思考，以期为景观设计和规划中的4M实践——制图（mapping）、监测（monitoring）、建模（modeling）和管理（management）——提供指导，并激发将数据驱动研究转化为科学干预措施的创新思维。八点思考包括：1）绿地制图应体现多属性概念模型表征，包括数量、质量、类型和结构；2）绿地制图的来源、手段和用途因定义、方法和尺度而异；3）城市绿地的质量和数量受季节性物候条件影响；4）绿地时空数据立方体将有助于实现对城市绿地变化的近实时监测；5）绿地覆盖率能够揭示绿地的供给情况，但绿地暴露度可通过建模的方式有效测度人口－绿地的供需关系；6）测量绿地暴露度时应考虑空间、时间和社会差异；7）在制定绿化优化方案时，景观设计师和规划师应考虑生物物理、生物多样性和健康效益；8）城市绿地管理策略应着眼长远。最后，本文提出，以数据科学为支撑的决策系统有助于指导和促进城市绿地4M实践。本文中的各项思考对城市绿地景观设计、规划和管理的研究、实践和理论探索有着广泛的意义，并共同构成了一套可指导科研人员、决策者和从业者制定城市绿地最佳4M实践战略的原则。

关键词

城市绿地；量化指标；绿地供需；制图－监测－建模－管理框架；城市绿地正义

Abstract

Green space is an important component in urban environment, providing considerable ecosystem services to our socio-economic-cultural activities. Metrics designed to capture green space provision, supply and demand, measuring availability, accessibility, and visibility have been widely adopted to gauge progress toward achieving sustainable development goals from local to regional scales. In this article, we offer eight reflections on quantitative studies of urban green space for mapping, monitoring, modeling, and management (4M) practices in landscape design and planning. The article’s objective is to stimulate fresh and innovative thinking in the conversion of data to interventions. Eight points are made: 1) Green space mapping should be characterized in a multi-attribute conceptual model, including quantity, quality, type, and structure; 2) green space mapping sources, methods, and uses vary by definitions, approaches, and scales; 3) phenology modifies seasonal quality and quantity of urban green space; 4) spatial and temporal green space data cubes will help realize the goal of near real-time monitoring of urban green space change; 5) green space coverage reveals green space supply, but green space exposure can capture effective demand via modeling the supply–demand relationships of human–green space; 6) green space exposure measures should account for spatial, temporal, and social differences; 7) greening optimization by landscape architects and planners should consider both biophysical, biodiversity, and health benefits; and 8) urban green space management should be strategized with a long-term view. Finally, we advocate data–science–decision support systems that can help guide and promote 4M practices of urban green space. These points of reflection have broad implications for research, practice, and theory of urban green landscape design, planning, and management, and altogether constitute a set of principles that can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward strategizing optimal 4M of urban green space.

Keywords

Urban Green Space; Quantitative Metrics; Green Space Supply–Demand; Mapping–Monitoring–Modeling–Management Framework; Justice of Urban Green Space

厄瓜多尔境内安第斯山脉上的种植设计：回忆、韧性与再连接

Planting Design in the Ecuadorian Andes:

Memory, Resilience, and Re-Connection

作者：加布里埃拉·阿雷瓦洛·阿尔维亚尔  Gabriela ARÉVALO ALVEAR

摘要

现代城市在不断增长和演变，其发展扩张逐渐侵入周围环境，致使本土动植物物种向免受人类干扰的偏远地区迁徙。这就导致大都会往往会成为生物多样性低、热岛效应显著、空气质量差、洪水频发及地域特色缺失的灰色地带。

厄瓜多尔基多市也面临同样的挑战。基多地处安第斯山脉的高海拔处，有着丰富的生物多样性。但长期以来外来物种的引进及苗木贸易中乡土植物的不足，使得城市景观多采用外来物种。

因此，为加深当地年轻一代对乡土植物及社区和文化的了解，笔者与一位生物学家合作，发起了Nativus项目，以期在基多建造乡土植物培育园。培育园的建造步骤包括：1）确定适宜在绿色屋顶和花园中种植的乡土物种；2）寻找合适的乡土植物，并利用扦插、播种等方式进行培育；3）在绿色屋顶和花园中种植上述乡土植物幼苗；4）研究乡土植物的种植对周围生物和环境的影响，包括是否产生了新的生物现象、对其他动植物的影响，以及整体环境的美学价值是否提高；5）通过宣传教育，推动全社区居民积极参与种植和观察乡土植物，提升对乡土植物重要性的认识。

依据上述步骤，项目团队已在基多建造了两处乡土花园，居民们可以在花园中穿行，近距离观察乡土植物。同时，访客还可以记录花园中被乡土植物吸引而来的各种鸟类和传粉昆虫，获取珍贵的一手资料。一段时间之后，这些富有生命力的小花园将逐渐形成完整的生态系统，除了用于植物观察与学习，亦可作为人们与自然重新连接或冥想的场所。

这种乡土花园能够推动建设更加可持续的城市，有助于将乡土植物物种重新引入城市环境和当代景观，也可帮助人们重新认识周围的自然环境、乡土植物，并将不断积累的对自然世界认知持续传承下去。

关键词

乡土植物物种；试验园；植物观察；安第斯山脉；厄瓜多尔

Abstract

Modern cities are constantly growing and evolving. This expansion of urban development bleeds into the surrounding landscapes, causing the displacement and disturbance of native plant and animal species to remote areas where topography limits human access. As a result, metropolitan areas often become gray places with low biodiversity, elevated temperatures, poor air quality, flood issues, and lack of a local identity. Quito, Ecuador is one of the cities facing this important challenge. Perched high in the Andes, Quito is a place of great biodiversity, nevertheless the constructed landscapes are dominated by introduced species due to colonization and to the lack of availability of native species in the nursery trade. This article walks through the creation of a native nursery in Quito and the implementation of initial trial plots, a green roof, and a garden. It explains the discoveries made during the process and provides directions for future goals to reintroduce native plant species into urban environments and contemporary landscapes in order to create more sustainable cities. The goal is to help people reconnect with their natural heritage and to learn about native plants to ensure the continuity of ancestral knowledge of the natural world for future generations.

Keywords

Native Plant Species; Trial Garden; Plant Observation; Andes Mountains; Ecuador

住宅如水：

对香港吉澳渔村住宅类型的观察与思考

Houses Like Water:

Observations and Reflections on House Types of Kat O Fishing Village in Hong Kong

作者：苏畅  SU Chang

摘要

《水漾之家：香港渔村故事》是一次结合研究、策展和设计的合作计划。研究聚焦大澳、吉澳和布袋澳三个渔村，通过挖掘疍家人的文化及其生活和建造的“流动”状态，理解建筑、地理与人文环境的关系，从“水”的视野重新审视香港这座城市。本文关注研究团队近期对吉澳渔村住宅的观察，通过记录居民依地形和水环境对住宅进行加建的现象，探讨一种适应水陆双重环境的“双栖住宅”的可能。

本研究所聚焦的疍家人聚居的吉澳渔村坐落于山丘和大海之间的一小片平坦陆地上。自1951年以来，吉澳渔村所在的沙头角地区一直受到较为严格的发展限制，建成环境范围较小，大部分区域保留了自然的地理环境。本文重点探讨了吉澳渔村中随处可见的非正式临时建筑，通过重新绘制房屋形态并深入剖析其形式结构，探寻这些看似无序的表象背后的逻辑。通过反思朱利安·斯图尔特的“文化生态学”方法，本文试图剖析吉澳渔村住宅背后隐藏的建造模式，最终揭示由此产生的与地理相结合的建造与生活文化。

吉澳渔村经历了由山麓向街道两侧、再向滨水区域发展的过程。研究团队通过图像绘制、记录和分类等工作，呈现了吉澳渔村建筑的一种“流动”状态——虽具有物理实存的特性，却难以捉摸其既有形式或纯粹的美学定式。研究期望通过民族志的视角解读香港城郊海岸住宅及其建筑类型，从时间特性——而非传统的物质材料——来重新思考住宅的物质特性，重新认识建筑与自然之间的辩证关系，从而将水陆之间的空间作为一种激发建筑转型和公众参与的媒介，为利用景观途径进行可持续建筑设计提供新思路。

关键词

香港；渔村；疍家人；渔民住宅；水陆关系；水漾之家

Abstract

Liquid Homes: Building, Living and Other Stories of Hong Kong Fishing Villages is a research, curatorial, and design collaboration that explores the culture of Tanka people and their fluid state of living and building, presenting stories from a long overdue reading of the other Hong Kong. This essay, as an ongoing work, intends to reflect on our recent observations of the houses in Kat O fishing village by documenting the self-built additions in relation to the surrounding topography and water environment. These findings evoke an understanding of houses as “amphibious creatures” of hybrid qualities riding on the seams between land and water, and denote the notion of homes as “fluid entities”—physical yet elusive, subject to the floating identity of the community. The research intends to offer an ethnographic reading of Hong Kong coastal settlements and their building typologies, rethink building materialities by their temporal qualities and beyond the physical matter, and imagine a renewed reading on the dialectical relation between the built and the natural, and propose new ways to design sustainable architecture through the landscape.

Keywords

Hong Kong; Fishing Village; Tanka People; Fishermen Houses; Water-Land Relationship; Liquid Homes