西安市“三河一山”绿道规划及重点区域城市设计 | 土人设计

项目简介

Project Statement

西安“三河一山”绿道是由渭河，灞河及其支流浐河、库峪河，沣河及其支流潏河、滈河，以及秦岭环山带共同组成的绿道网络，线位长约312公里。

The "San He Yi Shan" greenway in Xi'an is composed of Weihe River, Bahe River (including its tributaries Chanhe River and kuyu River), Fenghe River (including its tributaries Feihe River and Yaohe River), and the shallow mountain area of Qinling Mountains, with a length of 312 km.

▼总体规划范围

Overall planning scope ©土人设计

“三河一山”绿道作为大西安核心区最重要的区域级绿道，以山、水、塬、田等生态因素为依托，连接乡村和城市，串联西安中心城区和周边新城组团，沿途涉及11个区县和开发区，体现了城市“背山面水、八水绕城”的山水格局，对市域生态环境的保护具有重要意义。

As the most important regional Greenway of Xi'an, "San He Yi Shan" is established by several ecological factors such as mountains, water, Tableland and farmland. It connects rural areas with urban areas, involving 11 districts and development zones. Greenway presents an ideal urban spatial pattern, which is of great significance to the protection of urban ecological environment.

目标与挑战

Site and Challenges

“三河一山”绿道以“维护大西安生态安全、体验西安山水文化魅力、满足人民对美好生活的向往”为目标，坚持以“保护为主、修复为辅、合理利用”为原则，采用生态优先的“逆向规划”理念来保护绿道沿线河流、森林、湿地、农园和文化遗产，这些关键空间将形成一个生态基础设施来解决绿道沿线的水系调节问题，留住城乡空间的生物栖息地，保护传承历史文化遗产，解决人们日常休憩问题和留住关中乡愁。

The "San He Yi Shan" greenway aims to "maintain the ecological security of Xi'an, experience the charm of Xi'an's landscape culture, and meet the people's expectation for a better life". It complies with the principle of "protection first, restoration second, then rational utilization", and adopts the concept of "reverse planning" of ecological priority to protect the rivers, forests, wetlands, agricultural gardens and cultural heritage along the greenway. These key spaces will come into an ecological infrastructure to solve the problem of water regulation and retain the biological habitat of urban and rural space, protect and preserve the historical and cultural heritage, provide public place and retain homesickness.

“三河一山”绿道规划与建设面临以下六大挑战：

挑战一：水系统保水、自净能力不足。现状河流以防洪为主要功能，城市用水激增和源头水土流失，造成旱季缺水，水质受到威胁。

挑战二：沿线生境退化。河流驳岸硬化治理、沿岸林带破坏、抬高水面淹没河流洲岛等做法，造成沿线动物栖息地退化甚至消失。

问题三：乡土景观逐渐消失。精致的、高维护的植被搭配景观向秦岭北麓蔓延，作为曾经的关中粮仓，秦岭北麓的乡土景观正在逐渐消失。

问题四：历史文化遗存保护利用不当。沿线遗存丰富，目前以文保单位为主的抢救性保护方式无法全面、有效地保护和展示文化遗产价值。

问题五：游憩资源联动发展不足。” 现有游憩资源分散，品质参差不齐，产业联动效应弱。

问题六：可达性、连续性、体验性差。滨河及秦岭沿山区域现有骑行道和步行道可达性和连续性差，出行安全性和体验性差。

The planning faces the following six challenges:            

（1）The capacity of water conservation and water system self purification is insufficient.

At present, the main function of rivers is flood control. Due to the surge of urban water use and soil erosion at the source, water shortage and water quality are threatened in dry season.            

（2）Habitat degradation.

Hardened riverbanks, destroyed vegetation and submerged islands have resulted in the degradation or even disappearance of animal habitats.

（3）The vernacular landscape gradually disappeared.

High maintenance landscape is spreading to the Qinling Mountains, and the local landscape of Qinling shallow mountain area is gradually disappearing.

（4）The protection and utilization of existing cultural relics are not appropriate. 

There are abundant relics along the greenway. However, the emergency method of historical and cultural sites under government protection can not fully and effectively protect and display the value of cultural heritage.

（5）The interactive development of recreational resources is insufficient.

The existing recreational resources are scattered, the quality is varied, and the business interaction is weak.

（6）Accessibility, continuity and experience are required to be improved. 

The accessibility and continuity of the existing cycling and walking roads in the riverside and Qinling Mountains are unsatisfied, and the safety and experience are required to be improved.

▼健康的水系廊道

Healthy water corridor  ©土人设计

设计策略

Design Strategies

策略一：构建一条呈现多彩自然的生态廊道。

针对绿道水文调节、生物栖息、遗产保护、休闲游憩等功能进行研究分析，构建综合生态安全格局，与用地规划进行协调，形成区域生态基础设施。依托生态基础设施划定绿道生态控制区，对绿道保护、修复和利用进行管控和建设引导。

通过规划和提升滞洪湿地、雨洪公园，设立污水处理厂试点活水公园，修复数十公里生态岸线和森林带，整合提升秦岭山塬的特色农园，实现河流廊道、沿线乡土生境和优质农林资源的保护、修复与利用，展现秦岭北麓的绿水青山和丰饶大地。

策略二：营造一条体验古都山水文化的遗产廊道。

围绕“中华文明的开放与包容”这一主题，以古运河和古驿道两类线性文化遗产为主要对象 ，借助绿道串联周边文化遗址和乡土文化遗产，完善遗产廊道上相关遗存的保护与展示，让文化遗产走进人们生活。

策略三：打造一条为人民创造更美好生活的幸福廊道。

充分利用现状堤顶路、风景优美的低等级乡村道路，贯通、提升410KM绿道主游径，规划多样化的支游径，引入自行车、马拉松等赛事活动和其他文化娱乐活动。落实三级驿站服务体系，引入智慧管理系统，提供休息、智慧解说、安保、换乘和娱乐服务。串联沿线100多个游憩点，与周边城市商业中心、特色小镇、旅游景区和工业遗址区进行联动发展，提供丰富的生活休闲体验。

（1）Build a colorful and natural ecological corridor.

To build a comprehensive ecological security pattern, then coordinate with land use planning, and finally create a regional ecological infrastructure.

Based on the ecological infrastructure, the greenway ecological control area is delimited to control and guide the greenway protection, restoration and utilization.

By protecting the wetland, establishing the living water park and protecting the shoreline, the river corridor can be restored. The integration and upgrade of agricultural parks help achieve the promotion of high-quality agricultural and forestry resources.

（2）Build a heritage corridor to experience the landscape culture of the ancient capital.

The theme of Greenway is open mind. It mainly connects two types of linear cultural heritage: canal and post road, and protects and displays the relevant remains, so as to let the cultural heritage step into people's life.

（3）Build a happy corridor to create a better life for the people.

Make full use of the existing riverbank roads and beautiful rural roads to connect the main travel path of the 410km greenway, and introduce cycling, marathon and other cultural and entertainment activities. The greenway has set up three-level post service system and introduced intelligent management system to provide diversified services. It not only connects lots of recreational spots, but also develops with the surrounding areas.

▼运河遗产资源

Canal Heritage Resources ©土人设计

▼古驿道遗产资源

Ancient post road heritage resources ©土人设计

▼“三河一山”绿道游径系统图

"Three rivers and one mountain" greenway trail system diagram ©土人设计

▼“三河一山”绿道驿站系统图

System diagram of "three rivers and one mountain" greenway post station ©土人设计

▼环西安大公园游憩带项目落点图

Location map of recreation belt project around Xi'an Grand Park ©土人设计

▼”一环、四带、十四段“

”First ring, fourth belt and fourteenth section“  ©土人设计

03.结论

Conclusion

西安“三河一山”绿道将会成为环绕大西安核心区的超级绿道。从灞桥遗址作为起点，经灞河、渭河、沣河到仪祉湖，将形成一条长74km、全线骑行不下车的精品段，将会为市民和游客提供独特的出行体验。“三河一山”绿道将成为西安绿色发展的生态名片，展现西安山、水、城相融的美丽城市。

The "San He Yi Shan" Greenway will become a grand around in the core area of Xi'an. It is a 74 km long, barrier free greenway from Baqiao site to Yizhi lake, which will provide unique travel experience for citizens and tourists. "San He Yi Shan" greenway will become the ecological card of Xi'an's green development, showing the beautiful city of Xi'an with mountains, water and city.

项目信息

^{项目名称：陕西省西安市“三河一山”绿道详细规划及重点区域城市设计}

^{委 托 方：西安市自然资源和规划局}

^{项目地点： 陕西省西安市}

^{项目规模：730平方公里（规划范围），25平方公里（重要区域设计范围）}

^{首席设计师：俞孔坚}

^{设计部门：海绵城市建设分院}

^{项目负责人：林双盈}

^{设计团队：林双盈、王栎、韩俊龙、方圆、黄超、熊玮佳、叶庆龙、郭璇、关舒、刘茵宸、李源、彭川、王娇、唐苏微、常鑫、武超、肖京泽、崔晓雷、毛睿、杨洋、王天霞、王国威、杨学宾、张洁、袁开文}

^{Project Name：DETAILED PLANNING OF "SAN HE YI SHAN" GREENWAY AND URBAN DESIGN OF KEY AREAS IN XI'AN, SHANXI PROVINCE}

^{Client：Xi 'an Natural Resources and Planning Bureau}

^{Location：Xi 'an City, Shanxi Province, China} 

^{Design : Turenscape}

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