俞孔坚:解决了中国的环境问题,也就解决世界的问题
在10月7日下午举行的美国景观设计师协会年会暨第43届国际景观设计师联盟世界大会全体会议主旨报告以及随后的LAND Online网站的专访中,俞孔坚谈到:中国必须从修建那些造作的展示性景观以及巨大的纪念性广场和建筑的嗜好中走出来,发现、建立与土地有着真实联系的寻常景观才是保护国家环境、管理爆炸式发展的可持续道路。在他的报告和专访中,俞教授悲叹于中国的“城市化妆”倾向:众多充满中国文化底蕴的景观、城市被“穿”上了被他称为“纪念性”的不合身的“西装”。他还特别表示出了对于“鸟巢”(Herzog & de Meuron设计的2008年北京奥运会国家体育场)和CCTV大楼的批判,因为这些建筑的耗钢量比同类建筑的耗钢量整整多出了10-17倍。俞教授还谈到:中国部分官员的“好大喜功” ——这些官员控制着中国发展的命脉——往往是这些“西方垃圾”被采纳的始作蛹者。据俞教授说:某些设计项目,特别是景观设计项目并没有效仿西方决策者那样的审批程序和办事方法,有些设计项目甚至没有经过正式的陈述或者相关的评审就被采用了。
俞教授鼓励那些坚信可持续发展的西方景观设计师们,应该像他一直以来所努力的一样,引导中国的决策者们立足本土。他还特别强调:美国的景观设计师应该坦诚告知其在建设规划中的失误,中国人往往把西方的建设规划想象得太过理想了。(编译自ASLA.org)
报告录音:http://www.asla.org/land/audiovideo/yu.html
报告演示:http://www.asla.org/land/audiovideo/yu.html
原文如下:
"If We Can Save China, We Can Save the World"
In a presentation during this afternoon's ASLA/IFLA General Session, and during an exclusive interview with LAND Online, Kongjian Yu, International ASLA, said China must turn away from what is often perceived as traditional forms of landscape in the country--most notably show gardens and large monument plazas--as well as Westernized visions of urbanization, and discover its own relationship with the land in order to restore the country’s environment, and manage its explosive growth in a sustainable way. In both his presentation and the interview, Yu bemoaned the trend in China to level culturally significant landscapes and cities and replace them with what he termed as "monuments" and inappropriate pieces of western architecture. He was particularly critical of Herzog & de Meuron’s Beijing National Stadium, commonly known as "the bird’s nest," for its excessive use of steel, saying the structure uses 70 percent more steel than a typical stadium. However, Yu noted that aspirations of city mayors in China--who largely control development in the country--were often to blame for Western excesses there. According to Yu, projects, and in particular landscape architecture projects, that do not mimic what decision makers view as Western techniques, or do not make a grand statement, are most often not chosen during bidding and competitions.
Yu encouraged Western landscape architects who believe in producing sustainable work to educate Chinese decision makers on the need for a new vernacular in the country, as he has struggled to do. He added that American landscape architects in particular, should be upfront about the mistakes the U.S. has made with regards to sprawl, noting that the Chinese too often have an idealized view of Western planning.