美国Better Place Forest公墓景观设计 | Fletcher Studio

▼墓园初印象——游客中心

Orient - visitor center © Fletcher Studio

Fletcher Studio景观设计工作室应邀设计了美国第一个森林树葬墓园。不同于传统墓地，树葬墓园通过树木认养的保护系统，对大片林地进行保养、修复和管理作为树葬区。为实现北加州首个树葬墓园，设计团队作为首席顾问，组建了一支由森林生态学家、艺术家、设计师和其他专业顾问组成的团队。他们的工作内容包括对场地进行总体规划，以及结构、空间、慢行系统、标识系统以及栖息地恢复等设计。

在这片被保护的森林中，人们可以指定某棵树作为家族骨灰安葬点，世世代代在此洒下挚爱亲友的骨灰。这个理念将仪式感、缅怀亲人和保护森林相融合，体现出简洁的诗意，而它的实现离不开背后庞大的设计和技术专家团队支持。这片位于门多西诺海岸 40 英亩的土地上的墓园，为未来更多的树葬园提供了范例。

The submitting landscape architecture studio was selected to design America’s first forest spreading cemetery. The Client has created an alternative to the cemetery, a conservation system of tree sponsorship that preserves, restores, and manages large areas as memorial spreading grounds. The studio acted as the prime consultant and assembled a team of forest ecologists, artists, designers, and other consultants to realize the first project in Northern California. Their work included master-planning the property, designing structures, spaces, trail systems, wayfinding and signage, and habitat restoration.

Within these protected forests, families choose trees to mark the place where they’ll spread their loved ones’ ashes over generations. The concept has a simple poetry — merging ritual, memorial, and forest conservation — yet its realization involved a large team of design and technical specialists, led by the submitting landscape architecture firm. Located on a 40-acre stretch of the Mendocino Coast, the project establishes a framework for future sites, each with their own unique qualities.

▼某个家庭认养树木的标记

A marked tree sponsored by a family © Fletcher Studio

项目需要营造一种基于土地的景观体验，构筑物并不是空间的主角，这需要特定的设计技巧。场地布局和建筑巧妙地组织了抵达-寻路-回忆-边界-释放的场景序列。人们沿着入口处与周边环境融为一体的道路，便可来到访客中心。这座造型优美的建筑由设计团队与建筑公司合作完成，它独自矗立于山顶，成为公共与私人空间的分界点。

Designing an experience that’s more about the land than its constructed elements requires a certain discipline. The plan and architecture gently frame a sequence of events: arrival, orientation, memory, threshold, and release. An entry road descends into the site and arrives at a visitors center, designed in collaboration with an architecture firm. Sited at the crest of a hill, this singular building is a place of orientation on the threshold between public and private.

▼通向游客中心的混凝土铺筑的小路

A pathway of concrete pavers led to the visitors center © Fletcher Studio

一条混凝土铺筑的小路引导人们来到访客中心，并通往一处观景台，游客可在此俯瞰近处的草地和远处的森林。这是一座名副其实的“自然之门”，走近它时森林便映入眼帘。访客中心的观景台和两个小会议室为举行家庭悼念仪式，或会见森林管理员提供了场地。草地中则安放着另一个工作室设计的纪念碑，混凝土浇筑的长凳上镌刻着家庭成员的名字，其摆放方式让人联想起树木的年轮。 

A pathway of concrete pavers leads to and through the visitors center, culminating at a covered deck overlooking a meadow and the forest beyond. This portal frames nature, literally; as one approaches the forest comes into view. The deck and two small meeting rooms provide space for families to gather for ceremonies or to meet with forest stewards. Nested into the meadow is a memorial created by another design studio, a series of cast-concrete benches, inscribed with the names of family members and placed to recall the rings of a tree.

▼引人入胜的观景台

The overlooking deck framed in the nature © Fletcher Studio

▼嵌入草地中像年轮一样的纪念碑

Memorials nested into the meadow placed to recall the rings of a tree  © Fletcher Studio

▼镌刻着家庭成员名字的纪念碑

Memorials engraved with the names of family members © Fletcher Studio

在瞬息万变的森林中，访客中心传达了一种令人平静的永恒感——它一直、且将永远安然地坐落于此。折叠造型的屋顶采用了耐候钢材料，为建筑遮风避雨，它将与当地红木制成的地板和壁板一起经受自然的风化。精心设计的红木格栅既保证了落地玻璃会议室的私密性，又让户外的风景进入室内。

Within the ever-changing forest, the materiality of the visitors center conveys a reassuring sense of permanence — that it always has and always will sit on this site. A deep, folded Corten steel roof shades and protects the building. The Corten will weather naturally, along with the locally harvested and milled redwood decking and siding. Carefully oriented redwood fins screen the glass-enclosed meeting rooms while capturing views outward.

▼由耐候钢搭建的构筑物

Architecture made of Corten © Fletcher Studio

穿过访客中心，人们便进入了这片纪念森林。过去为伐木而建的“滑道”成为穿梭于森林中的主干道，而支路则将人引向一些更静谧的空间。在当地经验丰富的管理员和步道建设者的指导下，步道随地势蜿蜒曲折，其间因地制宜点缀着空间节点，并最终爬升至一个可以眺望大海和地平线的小山丘上。

Moving through the threshold, visitors enter the memorial forests. The old ‘skid’ roads, originally established for logging, define the main routes through the forest, while tributary trails branch off into more secluded spaces. This network of trails and openings flows with the land, guided by the knowledge of conservators and local trail builders, and eventually rises to a knoll with views to the sea and horizon.

▼在小山丘上眺望大海和地平线 

A knoll with views to the sea and horizon © Fletcher Studio

从景观到建筑，从标识到纪念碑，设计的每一个细节都致力于营造一种静谧和虔诚的场所感。虽然甲方计划实施的每个森林公墓都独具特色，但其基本愿景是一致的：保护和尊重景观的超凡之美，以及那些最终选择这片森林作为安息之地的人们。

Every detail from the landscape and architecture, to the signage and memorial markers work to establish a quiet and reverent human presence. While each forest cemetery implemented by the Client will have a unique character, the underpinning vision will remain: to preserve and honor the transcendent beauty of the landscape and ultimately the people who choose this forest as their final resting place.

▼标识系统设计

Signage © Fletcher Studio

▼总平面图

Master plan © Fletcher Studio

▼设计概念

Designing concept © Fletcher Studio

▼设计鸟瞰效果图

Aerial view © Fletcher Studio

_{项目基本信息}

_{项目名称: Better Place Forest公墓}

_{项目地点: 美国加利福尼亚州，波因特阿里纳}

_{项目规模: 40 英亩（约16.2公顷）}

_{设计公司: Fletcher Studio}

_{委托方: Better Place Forest 保护纪念森林有限公司}

_{建成时间: 2019}

_{图片来源：Fletcher Studio}

_{Project Name: Better Place Forest Memorial}

_{Project location: Point Arena, California, USA}

_{Project Area: 40 acre (around 16.2 ha)}

_{Design Firm: Fletcher Studio}

_{Clients: Better Place Forest}

_{Completion Year: 2019}

_{Photo credits: Fletcher Studio}

_{编译：闫露}

_{版权声明：本文版权归原作者所有，请勿以景观中国编辑版本转载。如有侵犯您的权益请及时联系，我们将第一时间删除。}

_{投稿邮箱：info@landscape.cn}

_{项目咨询：18510568018（微信同号）}