四川南部水城禹迹岛公园景观设计 | 毕路德

^{▲多层次线性空间 ©三映景观摄影}

四川南部水城禹迹岛公园藉由森域景观设计手法，借助城市山水、文化资源的联动，构建了一处文城一体、产城一体、景城一体的生态人居环境。建成后的公园既成为市民休闲健身好去处，又为提升南部县综合承载能力和竞争力，促进县域经济快速发展起到了积极推动作用。

^{Located in Nanbu, Sichuan, Yujidao Park uses forest landscape design techniques and the linkage of urban landscape and cultural resources to build a harmonious living environment that integrates culture and city, industry and city, and scenery and city.After completion, the park has not only become a good place for citizens to relax and exercise, but also play a positive role in enhancing the comprehensive carrying capacity and competitiveness of Nanbu County,as well as promoting the fast development of the county economy.}

^{▲项目概览 ©三映景观摄影}

设计概述 

^{Design Overview}

生态新轴线——嘉陵明珠璀璨江畔

^{New Ecological Axis-Jialing Pearl Riverside}

项目位于四川“成渝第二城”之称的南充市南部县满福坝新区。“一部南部史，千古亲水情”，千百年来，嘉陵江水在此浩瀚奔腾，泽润万物，川北人民在此繁衍生息，共谱华章。设计本着敬畏自然、进发未来的原则，提出“嘉陵明珠、璀璨江畔”的理念，将嘉陵江水引入场地，营造城在水上，水在城中的南部水城，为人的亲水活动创造更贴近的直观体验。

^{Nanbu County, Nanchong is known as the "Second City of Chengdu-Chongqing Circle" in Sichuan."A history of the south, the love of water through the ages", for thousands of years, the water of the Jialing River has been rushing here, nourishing everything, and the people of northern Sichuan have thrived here and compose a glorious chapter. In the principle of respecting nature and advancing into the future, the design putsforward the concept of "Jialing Pearl, Brilliant Riverside". It introduces the Jialing River water into the site to create Nanbu Shuicheng where the city is on the water and the water is in the city, creating a closer and intuitive experience for people's water activities.}

^{▲自然环境 ©三映景观摄影}

文化新景观——上善若水茹古涵今

^{New Cultural Landscape-the Highest Goodness Is Like Water}

相传上古时期，洪水泛滥，民不聊生，大禹临危受命消灭水患，以疏通河道、拓宽峡口之法，终让水脉畅通，百姓安居乐业。在踏遍神州万里治水的过程中，大禹在南部县亦留下了宝贵的遗迹。为传承历史文化，致敬大禹科学治水的精神，设计在满足大型公园与特征性视觉景观带的前提下，将大禹文化容于整个场地中，通过线条构建与形式象征来展现大禹的一生，打造南部水城相融的文化名片。

^{According to legend, in ancient times, floods were inundated and people were unable to live. Dayu was ordered to eradicate floods when he was in danger. He dredged the river and widened the gorge, eventually allowing the water to flow smoothly and the people live and work in peace.In the process of traveling all over the land to control water, Dayu also left precious relics in Nanbu County.In order to inherit history and culture and pay tribute to the spirit of Dayu’s scientific water management, at the premise of large-scale parks and characteristic visual landscape belts, the design incorporates the Dayu culture in the entire site, showing the life of Dayu through line construction and formal symbolism, creating a cultural business card for the integration of the Nanbu Shuicheng.}

^{▲视觉景观带 ©三映景观摄影}

城市新门户——盛世画卷张光含弘

^{The New City Portal-the Magnificent Scroll of the Prosperous Age} 

作为新老两城的视觉纽带，片区内河水系的打造，充分将水体资源与场地内部结合，实现了曲水连城，蓝绿交织，有机相生的城市发展目标。通过对大地景观的地形梳理及植物的片植，强化自然语境，力求形成一个隔世恍惚的南部画卷盛景。现代景观的场地营造有效提升了城市品质，最终为南部打造一座集民众休闲、形象展示、节日庆典的特质化空间。

^{As the visual link between the old and the new city, the construction of the river system in the area fully integrates the water resources with the interior of the site,which has realized the urban development goal of connecting the city with curved water, interweaving blue and green, and coexisting organically.Through combing the terrain of the landscape and planting vegetation, it strengthens the natural context, and strives to form a glorious picture scroll of Nanbuin a trance.The construction of modern landscape venues effectively improves the quality of the city, and finally creates a special space for people's leisure, image display, and festival celebrations in Nanbu.}

^{▲不同景观片区 ©舒鹤}

^{▲不同景观片区 ©三映景观摄影}

森域景观设计策略 

^{Forestry Landscape Design Strategy}

针对现今滨水风光带多只注重湿地营造，从内陆到江边的植被过渡缺失，导致出现强烈的沿江设计带痕迹，景观生态着力缺乏的问题，禹迹岛公园项目借助原生林、补植林、人工片植林和特色景观林巧妙完成过渡带设计，完美实现从原生到人工造景的转换。

^{In view of the current waterfront scenery belts that focus on wetland construction, the lack of transition from inland to riverside vegetation has led to the emergence of strong traces of design belts along the river and lack of focus on landscape ecology, the Yujidao Park project ingeniously completed the transition zone design with primary forests, replanting forests, artificial plantations and characteristic landscape forests, perfectly realizing the conversion from native to artificial landscape.}

^{▲水系的打造 ©舒鹤}

^{▲水系的打造 ©三映景观摄影}

1.原生态-园林化的纵深打造

^{1. The original ecology-the in-depth creation of landscaping}

传统滨水带强调的是湿地系统的生态化打造，将滨水湿地的液泡生态、自净系统做到极致。但是从湿地生态逐步向林区生态转变的过程中，却被城市道路和滨江堤防所阻断。

^{The traditional waterfront area emphasizes the ecological construction of the wetland system, and the liquid bubble ecology and self-purification system of the waterfront wetland are achieved to the extreme. However, in the process of gradual transformation from wetland ecology to forest ecology, it was blocked by urban roads and riverside dikes.}

^{▲亲水步道 ©三映景观摄影}

为了营造更完善的生态系统，在规划之初，设计打破固体边界的障碍，充分考虑滨江带与城市滨水公园的结合，由内到外构建了江边滩涂—湿地系统—原生林—人工化园林区域—城市边界的纵深林线，让自然和城市更完美的融合。

^{In order to create a more complete ecosystem, at the beginning of the planning, the design breaks the barriers of solid boundaries and fully considers the combination of the riverside belt and the urban waterfront park.It builds a deep forest line from the inside to the outside of the riverside tidal flat-wetland system-primary forest-artificial garden area-urban boundary, allowing nature to more perfectly integrate with the city.}

^{▲景观步道打破固体边界 ©三映景观摄影}

2.固态到流体的设计转变

^{2. Design transition from solid to fluid}

面对滨水空间和城市边界之间通常横贯着的固态防洪措施，传统的设计手法是将其作为平行于河道的空间存在，设计亦依此围绕展开，最终形成了第二条平行于滨水带的线性空间：一条由大小节点和步道系统串联，围绕防洪道路盘桓的固态模式。

^{Facing the solid flood control measures that usually traverse between the waterfront space and the city boundary, the traditional design method is to treat it as a space parallel to the river.The design is also performed centered by this, and finally formed a second linear space parallel to the waterfront: a solid model that is connected in series by large and small nodes and a trail system, surrounding the flood control road.}

^{▲多层次线性空间 ©三映景观摄影}

为了规避避防洪措施对整个滨江带的线性控制，设计借鉴中国园林的造景手法，构建了多个不同的“局”形态，通过多个围合空间，打造中国山水画中的连续多灭点场景，形成流动画卷。

^{In order to avoid the linear control of flood prevention measures on the entire riverside zone, the design draws on the landscaping techniques of Chinese gardens and constructs a number of different "layout" forms.Through multiple enclosed spaces, the continuous multiple vanishing point scenes in Chinese landscape paintings are created to form a flowingpicture scroll.}

^{▲透过层层植被的视野 ©三映景观摄影 （上）©黄叶盛（下）}

3.水岸景观的有机整合

^{3. Organic integration of waterfront landscape}

^{▲ 植物与步道 ©三映景观摄影}

传统的设计中，将滩涂原生林、堤岸补植林、蓝绿人工林三个区域分隔开来的方式对水生态的帮助甚微，由于植物根系发达的特性会导致某些强势树种大面积侵蚀到原本希望分开的其他空间，最后得到的是经不起时间洗刷的环境风貌。

^{In the traditional design, the method of separating the three areas of tidal flat virgin forest, bank replanting forest, and blue-green plantation forest is of little help to the water ecology.Due to the characteristics of the developed root system of plants, certain powerful tree species will erode to other spaces that were originally intended to be separated on a large scale, and the final result is an environment that cannot withstand time to wash.}

^{▲森林景观 ©三映景观摄影}

因此，在本项目中，设计对地上和地下空间进行了系统考量。针对地上水岸，通过视觉通廊的打造，在不破坏原生林边界的前提下，对其适当进行组团化梳理，如适当清理胸径小于10公分以下的乔木等，从而营造山水园林的艺术效果。针对地下水岸，则通过人工手段来阻断菖蒲、巴茅、芦苇等植物根系的无限制延展，令水道进入滩涂地块，从而变滩涂为湿岛，改善鸟类的觅食空间和大型鸟类的栖息之地。

^{Therefore, in this project, the design has systematically considered the above-ground and underground spaces. As for the ground and water banks, they are appropriately grouped and combed through the creation of visual corridors, without destroying the boundaries of the original forest.For example, properly clean up trees with a diameter at breast height less than 10 cm, so as to create an artistic effect of landscape gardens.As for the groundwater bank, artificial methods are used to block the unrestricted extension of the root systems of plants such as calamus, parmesan, and reeds.It makes the waterway to enter the tidal flat land, thereby turning the tidal flat into a wet island, improving the foraging space of birds and the habitat of large birds.}

▲鸟类栖息地 ©三映景观摄影

一岛一世界一水一乾坤

^{One Island, One World, One Water, One Universe}

针对地幅阔大绵长的外滩区域，设计通过地形的塑造、植物疏朗关系的调整、密植组团与道路的围合、停驻场地的打造以及特色旱溪的营造，提供了丰富多样的视觉感官体验。使游客在游览的过程中，既能感受到山河磅礴的壮丽，又能有游园细节上的回味。

^{As for the large and long coastal area, the design provides a rich and diverse visual sensory experience through the shaping of the terrain, the adjustment of the relationship between the vegetation, the enclosing of the dense planting group and the road, the construction of the parking site, and the construction of the characteristic dry stream. During the tour, visitors can not only feel the magnificence of the mountains and rivers, but also enjoy the aftertaste of the details of the park.}

^{▲景观凉亭 ©三映景观摄影}

作为市政公园，项目需兼顾游人体验感和参与性，但决不能以牺牲原生林为代价。因此，设计师采用或疏减迁移、或完整保留等方式，实现原生林生态价值最大化。同时，栈道设计亦顺应林下空间进行调整：宽处自然形成停驻小广场，窄处则以蜿蜒小路延伸至林中。游人漫步其中，一切仿若天成，可尽情欣赏自然的乐章。

^{As a municipal park, the project needs to consider the sense of experience and participation of visitors, but it must not be at the expense of native forest.Therefore, the designer adopts methods such as reduced migration or complete preservation to maximize the ecological value of the primary forest.At the same time, the plank road design is also adjusted in accordance with the space under the forest: the wide area naturally forms a small park, and the narrow area extends into the forest by a winding path. When visitors strolling in it, everything is natural and they can enjoy the natural movement to the heart's content.}

^{▲顺应自然的岸线处理 ©三映景观摄影}

精挑细选的植物构建了一处自然形态格局完整、功能及空间布局疏密有致、景观与植物系统丰富的，以生态为基底的市民活动空间。设计通过原生场地、设计风格、苗木资源等各因素进行整合考量，将变与不变都蕴藏于设计思考中，为每一棵植被都找到最适合生长和被观赏的位置。于每一位游客而言，其到达的当下就是最美的时光。

^{The carefully selected plants have constructed an ecologically-based civic activity space with a complete natural pattern, rationally arranged functions and spatial layout, and rich landscape and plant systems.The design integrates and considers various factors such as the original site, design style, seedling resources, etc., and embeds the change and invariability in the design thinking, and finds the most suitable location for growth and viewing for each piece of vegetation.For tourists, the moment they arrive is the most beautiful time.}

^{▲人与景观的互动 ©三映景观摄影}

山体设计以“寒梅劲松”为主题，在描绘南部满福坝的画卷中起到画龙点睛的作用。从全国各地精选而来的78株造型黑松，依株型、高度、方向、姿态等不同，与专业的景石大师所布置之景石互为就势，共同勾勒出一幅意境深远的山水墨画。红梅、茶梅等精品植株的加入，则为这幅山水墨画增添了雅致氛围。

^{The mountain design is based on the theme of "cold plum blossom and strong pine", which plays a finishing touch in the picture scroll depicting theManfuba in Nanbu.78 black pine trees selected from all over the country are mutually complementary with scenery stones arranged by professional landscape stone masters according to plant type, height, direction, posture, etc, jointly outlininganink painting with a profound artistic conception.The addition of fine plants such as red plum and tea plum adds an elegant atmosphere to this landscape ink painting.}

^{▲开放的活动空间 ©三映景观摄影}

“人道我居城市里，我疑身在万山中”。南部水城禹迹岛公园，以归于自然、融于自然的去风格化手法，平衡河道开发与生态自然的矛盾，营造出历久弥新、生生不息的新型水岸景观空间。春花夏长，秋落冬藏，在禹迹岛公园，人与水以最亲切的形式重新链接，与城市共呼吸，续写着亲水南部新的记忆篇章。

^{"People say that I live in the city, and I suspect that I am in the mountains."The Yujidao Park in Nanbu Shuicheng balances the contradiction between river channel development and ecological nature with the de-stylized method of returning to nature and integrating into nature, creating a new and ever-lasting waterfront landscape space.Spring blooms, summer flourishes, autumn falls and winter hides. In Yujidao Park, people and water are reconnected in a most cordial form, breathing with the city, continuing to write a new memory chapter in the water loving Nanbu.} 

^{▲植被细部 ©三映景观摄影}

^{项目名称：四川南部水城禹迹岛公园}

^{Project: Yujidao Park, Sichuan}

^{项目面积：100万平方米}

^{Area:100,0000 ㎡}

^{项目建成时间：2020年}

^{Completion time: 2020}

^{设计单位：深圳毕路德建筑顾问有限公司}

^{Design company: BLVD International}

^{主持设计：杜昀}

^{Chief designer: Yun Du}

^{景观团队：胡楚林、李威宜、Lemsic Arnel Manga、黄刚、张莉、李瑾、林伟水、侯英儒、蔡颂宏}

^{Landscape designer: Chulin Hu, Weiyi Li, Lemsic Arnel Manga, Gang Huang, Li Zhang, Jin Li, Weishui Lin, Yingru Hou, Songhong Cai}

^{建筑团队：刘德良、谭应虹、刘德拉、陶哲}

^{Architecture Designer: Deliang Liu, Yinghong Tan, Dela Liu, Zhe Tao}

^{业主单位：南部县园林局}

^{Client: Nanbu County Landscape Bureau}

^{工程单位：北京东方园林环境股份有限公司}

^{Construction company: Beijing Orient Landscape & Environment Co.,Ltd.}

^{项目摄影：三映景观摄影}

^{Photograph: Shining Laboratory}

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