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科佩尔中央公园景观设计 | ENOTA

景观中国 2022-06-02

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项目名称：

科佩尔中央公园
项目地点：

科佩尔, 斯洛文尼亚
项目规模：

26,000㎡
设计公司：

ENOTA
委托方：

科佩尔市政
建成时间：

2018年
图片来源：

Miran Kambič，ENOTA

▼科佩尔中央公园

KOPER CENTRAL PARK © Miran Kambič

科佩尔中央公园位于Piranska路和Semedela滨海步道之间，南接格兰德运河，北邻城市市场外。Piranska路代表了该镇基础设施发展的一个新阶段，而滨海步道则是该镇更为重要的特色之一。它曾是当时岛上城市与大陆之间的纽带，因此它是科佩尔全景图的一个特征元素之一，连接着大海和盐池。随着城市几十年的发展，原有的盐池区逐渐被填满。重新恢复的土地带来了更大的发展潜力。如今，尚有大量土地在建设或规划中。

New Koper Urban Park is set between Piranska Road and the Semedela promenade, and between the Grande canal and the area just beyond the city market. Piranska Road represents a new stage in the development of the town's infrastructure while the promenade is one of the more important features of the town having once acted as the link between the city on the then-island and the mainland. As such, it counts among the characteristic elements in the panorama of Koper. The connection ran between the sea and the salt ponds. As the city developed during the past decades, the former salt-pond area was gradually filled in. The land thus recovered represented a major development potential for the town. Nowadays, these surfaces are partially built, but there are still extensive unoccupied surfaces, including the area under consideration.

▼鸟瞰图

aerial view © Miran Kambič

该区域紧密连接着街道和大海，但另一侧的部分空间被大型停车场所占据。该地不仅区代表着斯洛文尼亚海岸游客与海洋的初遇，也代表了科佩尔镇和伊佐拉（Izola）镇之间的海滨的起点。所以只有对海滨长廊全面和综合性的规划，才能从视觉和功能上将两个独立的城市区域连链接为一个符合逻辑的整体。

The key characteristic of the area is the immediate connection with the promenade and the sea, which is to be recognised as a significant spatial quality. The area is partially occupied by a large car park behind the city market. In the broader context, the area represents the first contact with the sea for the visitors to the Slovene coast, and it represents the starting point of the riviera between the towns of Koper and Izola. Only a comprehensive and co-ordinated treatment of the entire belt along the promenade will be able to visually and functionally connect the two currently separate parts of the town into a logical whole.

▼鸟瞰图

aerial view © Miran Kambič

该地区需要适度的介入来激活科佩尔居民的日常生活，同时将旧城区与马尔科夫山一带的Semedela, Olmo和Markovec区域连接起来。

This area needs an intervention which will bolster the free-time activities of Koper's inhabitants and further connect the old part of the city with the suburbs of Semedela, Olmo and Markovec, which are strewn across the slopes of Markov Hill.

▼平面图

site plan © ENOTA

海滨长廊附近海水的清洁度可预见日益的提高，之后将营造新的城市海滩。过往的成功案例表明，城市海滩往往会成为居民们最重要的休闲场地和社交空间。密集开发的旧城区无法容纳足够数量与规模的开放空间，欢庆的喧嚣也会打扰附近的居民，因此这个项目设置在该地区更为合适。当今科佩尔的异质发展形式——老城区核心区、住宅郊区、前盐池区的商业和服务开发带，以及现代海港所需的所有基础设施的存在，都需要一个能够实现视觉上逃离的向内空间形式，但其规模和外在的表现力将超越其周围发展的异质性，并将所有以上的这些连联系在一起。

新城市公园覆盖了相当广阔的区域，由此其设计也能成为进一步干预的原型。新的干预措施提供了一个统一而有吸引力的外观，并以其密集的腹地绿化，淹没了周围建筑结构的异质性。城市海滩和现代城市公园元素的融合，鼓励该地区的居民和游客以不同的方式使用空间。

In line with the prognosis that the sea by the promenade is to grow increasingly cleaner, it is feasible that a new city beach may appear along the promenade. Successful similar examples show that a city beach is not only an area where people take a dip in the sea but that city beaches can become the most important free-time socialising space. Since the densely developed old town core does not allow for a sufficient number of large open spaces and constrains their size, and since we need to understand that convivial bustle, concerts, and late-night events disturb the residents in the immediate vicinity, the placement of such programme in the area under consideration is all the more suitable. The heterogenous forms of development which characterise present-day Koper - the old town core, the residential suburbs, the commercial and service development belt in the former salt-pond area, and the inescapable presence of all the infrastructure required by a modern seaport call for a space with an inwardly oriented form enabling a visual escape, but whose scale and outward expressiveness would rise above the heterogeneity of development around it and tie it all together.

The area of the new city park covers a sizeable portion of the wider site and its design can thus serve as a prototype for further interventions. The new intervention offers a uniform and attractive appearance, and with its intensive hinterland greenery, it drowns the heterogeneity of the surrounding built structures. The fusing of the elements of a city beach and a contemporary city park encourages the area's residents and visitors to use the space in different ways.

▼统一而有吸引力的外观成为进一步干预的原型

The uniform and attractive appearance became the prototype for further interventions © Miran Kambič

新公园的结构骨架是整体而起伏的城市元素。它们被精确地的布置在场地中，嵌入明媚而起伏的草地，将整个公园表面柔和地划分为独立内向的小岛。各结构的高度也根据使用需要而有所变化：时而高起，以作为屏风与隔音墙；时而低下，保障不同区域间的畅通无阻。有机的形式在场地中形成了观众席、儿童训练场、攀岩墙、海滨酒吧背景墙、音乐会场地、儿童游乐场、阅读区等。由于靠近大海，园官员中包含了许多水元素。池塘、喷洒、喷泉、跳泉、瀑布和结合结构地形的水景平台，这些元素能够促使人们积极地使用空间，并有助将未来的海滩向公园内部延展。

The basic building blocks of the new city park are monolithic, undulating urban elements. Their controlled placement in the space in combination with a pronounced topography of the green surfaces softly divides the whole of the park's surface into individual introverted programme isles. The design of the individual urban elements consistently follows the different programmes. In places, they are taller and act as a shelter from views and the noisy surroundings; elsewhere, they are lower and allow for an unimpeded contact between programme zones. The organically designed urban elements form stands for viewers, an obstacle course for children, climbing walls, a backdrop to a seaside bar, a concert venue, a children's playground, a reading area, and more. Due to the proximity of the sea, the programme zones are appointed with numerous water elements. A pond, ground sprinklers, a geyser, parabolic water jets, cascades and a water platform in combination with the variegated urban elements encourage an active use of the space and an expansion of the future beach towards the interior of the park.

▼概念图

concept of the spatial © ENOTA

▼公园中新置入了一系列有机而连续的结构

the basic building blocks of the new city park are monolithic, undulating urban elements © Miran Kambič

▼公园中包含众多与水有关的元素

the programme zones are appointed with numerous water elements © Miran Kambič

景观种植选用了地中海本土植被。高大乔木与公园两侧现有行道树相得益彰，为各个活动区遮荫，还为公园区域提供了一道额外的屏障，使其免于受到周围环境的影响。为了让空间使用更佳多样化，公园并未设计传统的人行道，仅在入口与使用率较高的地面铺设嵌入草坪的砖面，从而让人们自由定义路线和使用空间的方式。将来若是要增加新的元素，或形成了明确的需求路线，这种铺路的方法也有助于对场地重新进行调整和布置。

The planted portion of the landscape design is laid out only with indigenous Mediterranean vegetation. The strategically arranged tall growth complements the existing tree lanes on both edges of the park, gives shade to the individual programme zones, and offers the park area additional protection from the impacts of the surroundings. In order to encourage as much diversity in the use of its space, the new city park doesn't feature traditionally designed footpaths. Interlocking paving with a free arrangement of grass-coloured tiles is limited to the access points and the sections of the park where a more intensive use of the ground is expected. In this way, the visitors define their own path and their own manner of using the space. In case new content is added to the park, or if obvious desire lines are formed, which is very difficult to predict initially, this manner of paving enables an easy rearrangement of the compacted surfaces at a later time.

▼使用率较高的地面铺设嵌入草坪的砖面

paving is setting on the ground with more intensive use © Miran Kambič

中央公园的创新布局对科佩尔市民来说是一项巨大的新资产，它为该市目前无法提供的项目带来了可能性。新公园是一个景点，以其独特的形式和空间组织方式，超越了单纯的功能性公园规则。它成为了地区大范围内进一步更新设计的典型代表，以及能激发对斯洛文尼亚海岸目前处于衰败状态的其他部分，采取以面向发展为主导的态度的动机。