上海青浦赵巷体育公园景观设计 | BAU建筑城市设计

景观与都市  Landscape and urbanity

如今，公共开放空间在大都市中是一个备受争议的话题。在澳大利亚，公园空间通常由大量的运动场地构成，自然景观、社交休闲功能相对较少。而在中国，公园里以自然景观居多，虽说风景如画，可供大众社交和运动的场地很少，气氛不够活跃。即便有的公园确实拥有混合功能，这些功能区通常也相对孤立，缺乏关联性，使用者无形中被局限于某个功能区，无法享受到公园作为一个整体设计为使用者带来的多方位体验。

为了解决上面提到的问题，我们在概念阶段提出一些新的想法。譬如如何将公园的大型建筑物与景观融为一体？能否将不同的功能流线（运动、自然生态、社交休闲）相互交织贯穿整个公园，使每个功能不仅保持各自的连续性和紧密性，同时，人们通过交织的功能流线能轻松到达公园每一处？三种不同类型的用户能否互不干扰地享受公园？想体验自然生态的人们（或本地动物）在悠闲漫步的时候，能否避开运动场地、咖啡馆这些热闹场所的干扰？对于热爱社交、喜欢热闹的人，热闹的场所是否具有延续性？这样他们就可以一直待在热闹的地方闲逛。体育爱好者能否充分利用到公园的每一处运动场地，向人们传递运动的活力？

_{Public open space is highly contested within the contemporary metropolis. In Australia, parks are frequently dominated by sports programs at the expense of eco-systems, and social/hospitality programs. In China parks are usually dominated by passive picturesque green landscapes, without provision for more active programs. When parks do include multiple programs, these programs are usually isolated, with users of specific programs relegated to restricted areas without a sense of the full scope of experiences the park has to offer.}

_{This project engages with a series of propositions that question this status quo. What if the large-scale buildings proposed for the site were considered landscape? What if each of the park programs (sports, ecology, hospitality) were spread throughout the park so that each could maintain intensity and continuity, but in such a way that they could reach all areas of the site? Could three distinct user groups enjoy the entire park without compromise? Could people (and native fauna) wanting to engage with nature meander the entire site without distraction of sports, cafes, and noisy playgrounds? Could a highly social person stroll continuously along the busiest places, avoiding quiet areas? Could sports fans exercise their way around the whole site, passing each and every energetic opportunity?} 

网络概念  Networks

我们借鉴了BAU在城市设计中运用的网络城市做法，将三种不同的功能区（运动、自然生态、社交休闲）交织分布在公园内部，形成三张清晰的功能网络。且每张网络都延伸到场地的四周边缘，充分利用整个场地。我们通过调整网络某些部位的宽度，创造不同尺度的空间，来满足公园多样化的功能设计。三种不同的功能网络在不同的位置发生交汇和重叠。最终，人们可沿着每张网络的主要漫步道或小径体验公园，途中也可轻松改道其他的功能路线。

源于网络分区概念，产生了三种截然不同的、富有连续性和空间感的体验性景观——自然生态景观、社交休闲景观和运动景观：

• 自然生态网络包含各种被激发的功能和设施，致力于创建一个有效的、可持续的生态环境。它在利用并拓宽原有河流的基础上，增加多层本地植物吸引昆虫和本地鸟类。人们身处公园大小不一的网络空间中，视线不受周边环境的 干扰。精心布置的路径为行人提供了通道，也为当地动物迁徙到更大的空间创造了机会。

• 社交休闲网络包含从超市到餐厅、茶馆、社区俱乐部、售货亭、演奏台、操场和野餐区等规模不等的项目。

• 运动网络包含了一条有多个循环训练站的跑道、一个带游泳池的室内体育中心、半个足球场大小的运动场、羽毛球和篮球场地、初级旱冰跑道和一座攀爬坡。

在三张网络的交汇处，我们探索了两种功能景观的共存。一个运动和社交休闲的交叠处，设计了一个混合用途运动俱乐部。一个运动和生态交叠的地方，设计了林中瑜伽平台。

^{Learning from our own networks approach to urban design, zones for sports, ecology, and hospitality programs have been distributed across the site in three clearly articulated networks. Each network extends to all edges of the site. Each part of each net adapts in width to accommodate its many and varying programs. Each overlaps the other at various locations. And finally, each of the networks are centred on a path or promenade to provide movement through or along the net.}

^{What starts as a networked zoning strategy becomes three distinctly different and continuous formal and spatial landscape experiences: an Ecological landscape, a Hospitality landscape, and a Sports landscape:}

^{• The Eco-net contains a variety of passive programs and facilities, all focused on providing a functioning and continuous ecological environment. It embraces and extends the existing canals and it adds a multi-storied indigenous vegetation to attract insects and native birds. Views out to the surrounding city are limited, the focus being within this network of ambiguous size. A carefully arranged path provides pedestrian access that leaves the opportunity for local fauna to use the net as means of migrating to other larger open spaces.}

^{• The Hospitality-net contains programs that range in scale from the supermarket, to restaurants, tea houses, community clubs, kiosks, bandstands, playgrounds and picnic areas.}

^{• The Sports-net contains among other things a running track with frequent circuit training stations, an indoor sports center with swimming pools, a half football ground, tennis and basketball courts; junior rollerblading track, and a hill of climbing slopes.}

^{At the intersections of these nets, the coexistence of the two intersecting landscapes and programs is explored. One such intersection, where sports and hospitality overlap, results in a hybrid use, a sports clubhouse. Another, where sports and eco overlap, generates yoga platforms immersed in the trees.} 

手提箱和纸袋  The suitcase and the paper-bag

我们将大型建筑酒店和超市安置在社交休闲景观中，测试和扩展两种老式且相当诙谐的建筑理念：手提箱(一种极度有序的矩形建筑，拒绝根据项目的不同赋予个性化的形式)，另一种是网兜或纸袋（一种极度非正式的元素排列/布局，主张为不同的内容赋予个性化的形式）。

酒店是高度功能化的建筑。为满足重复客房的设置、对光线和通风的需求，我们设计了延伸出去的长条形体块，将这些体块置于裙房之上，裙房内部设置接待处、运动俱乐部和其他公共空间。这种手提箱模式略显普通、呆板，但在切掉一大块空间引入光照和新鲜空气后——就创造出一个不一样的带状手提箱。

理想情况下，超市犹如一个大盒子，是一个较封闭、大而实用的公共空间,强调服务。与其试图从这个大盒子及其附件本身挤出一些正式的概念表达，或试图通过广告来装饰盒子及其附件，或干脆将大盒子拆分成宜人尺度的若干部分。BAU则选择用一个钢网罩如纸袋般包裹住整个大盒子，最后呈现出折叠的、与盒子造型呼应、略带表现力又略带欺骗性的建筑造型——像纸袋（而非网兜）。

亭子小建筑位于三张网络中，体现不同的建筑形式、空间和功能。例如，运动网络中的亭子呈长方形、南北朝向。休闲社交网络中的亭子呈圆形或在直线设计上做圆形镂空。虽然生态网络中没有亭子，但座椅和道路铺装探索了有机形式。

^{The large scale architecture projects, the hotel and the market, sit within the hospitality landscape, and test and extend two old and quite humorous architectural strategies – the suitcase (a highly ordered, rectangular building refusing to give individual form to the differences in the program) and the string-bag or paper bag (a highly informal arrangement of elements refusing to cease giving individual form to its contents).}

^{The hotel is a highly program-driven architectural brief. The repetition of the hotel rooms and their need for light and ventilation generates a series of long stretched out habitable beams that sit on a podium that contains the reception, and other communal functions and spaces. The sports club program also inhabits this podium. The form is a regular, rigid, and ordered suitcase, but with a large space cut out of it to provide light and fresh air – a filleted suitcase.}

^{Ideally, supermarkets are big, blind, pragmatic boxes with services attached wherever they are needed. Rather than trying to squeeze some formal expression from this large-scale pragmatic box and its attachments, or resort to decorating the box and attachments with advertising, or perhaps breaking down the big-box with what might be considered acceptable human scale elements, BAU wrapped the entire pragmatic lump with a steel mesh screen that disguises the pragmatics with a metaphor, a folded, responsive, slightly expressive, slightly deceptive package – (not a string-bag but) a paper-bag.}

^{Smaller pavilion buildings sit within each of the networks and respond to the forms, spaces, and programs of each of the nets. For example pavilions within the sports-net are rectangular and are oriented north south. Pavilions in the Hospitality-net are circular or have circles removed from their rectilinear forms. While there are no pavilions in the Ecological-net, seating and paving explore organic forms.}

另一种秩序  Other ideas of order 

这个公园的设计理念是对 “动态系统和复杂性科学”理解后的应用。它并不是对自然的人工复制（至少不是公园的单一理念），它不是一个包含了实用功能景观优美的场景，也不是一系列体育和配套功能空间的组合。把三种不同特质的空间编织，条理清晰又相互融合，这个公园超越了二元对立、轴线、对称、秩序等常规手法。它探讨了辩证法作为一种操作领域，结合秩序、混沌系统、不可逆和新兴文化等当代理论工具，调和当代大都市公共开放空间的冲突需求。

^{This park is driven by contemporary understandings of the actions of dynamic systems and the complexity sciences. It is not culture presenting itself as nature (at least not as the singular idea for the park). It is not a picturesque landscape compromised by the pragmatics of program. Nor is it a series of structured outdoor garden-rooms, manipulated to accommodate the sport and service facilities required. By weaving together the co-existence of three integrated but clearly articulated formal and spatial experiences, this park moves beyond the binary oppositions of the dialectic, or the ordering principles of axis, symmetry, or hierarchy. It explores the dialectic as a field of operation, and engages with other ideas of order, the chaotic, the irreducible, and the emergent - contemporary tools to reconcile the conflicting demands on public open space within the contemporary metropolis.}

项目名称：青浦赵巷体育公园
建成时间: 2019年
项目地点: 上海市,青浦区
项目周期: 2016-2019
委托方: 上海市青浦区赵巷镇人民政府
建设面积: 64,200平方米
建设投资: 4,492.52万元
功能项目: 环形健身绿道、运动器械港湾、草坪足球场、篮球场、网球场、自行车越野体验场、攀岩墙、林中瑜伽、儿童游乐场、配套服务建筑及室内活动场
设计团队:景观组：Steve Whitford、郭列侠、袁尧、谈敏、王娟、王晨磊、师政婷、James Brearley；建筑组：罗怀利、荣昱
施工单位: 上海绿开景观工程有限公司
合作设计院: 上海市建工设计研究总院有限公司
摄影：孙骏 A.J

^{Project name: Qingpu Zhaoxiang Sports Park
Completion time:2019
Location: Qingpu District, Shanghai
Period : 2016-2019
Client: People's Government of Zhao Xiang Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai
Construction Area: 64,200 square
Construction Cost: 44,925,200RMB
Program: Circular fitness greenway, sports equipment field, turfed football field, basketball field, tennis field, BMX field, climbing wall, forest yoga field, children's playground, supporting service building and indoor playground
BAU Project Team:
Landscape Team: Steve Whitford, Guo Liexia, Yuan Yao, Tan Min, Wang Juan, Wang Chenlei, Shi Zhengting, James Brearley
Architecture Team: Luo Huaili, Rong Yu
Contractor: Shanghai Green Open Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd.
Engineer: Shanghai Construction Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd.
Photographer：Sun Jun A.J}

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