江苏江阴绿道步行桥及景观设计 | BAU建筑城市设计

一枝独秀

^{one of many} 

建设江阴绿道恰逢中国大力倡导健康、可持续性交通与城市悠闲之大好时机。如此大规模的城市基建工程，堪称一种机遇，或者，更确切地讲，纯属一种责任，在城市中打造蕴含寓意的空间。借此机遇，江阴已然跻身成为一座创新、奋进、宜居之城。

^{The Jiangyin Greenway belongs to a growing movement in China towards healthy, sustainable transportation and urban enjoyment. Infrastructure of this scale has an opportunity, or more correctly a responsibility, to create meaningful places in the city. It is also seen as an opportunity for Jiangyin to assert itself as a creative, progressive and livable city.}

鉴此，项目将分为风格迥异的四个部分。每一处景点均与所处位置之精髓高度契合。目前，环路北段已经修建完毕，通往船坞公园，正好映射出所承载的造船与港口历史。环路东段与长江相连接。长江正是江阴所在地，所以，东段将突出展示长江的重要性。

^{Consequently, it will consist of four clearly identifiable segments, each with a unique response to the spirit of the place in which it is located. The north segment of the loop has already been built and passes through the docklands parks. It responds to the history of shipbuilding and its port function. This project, the eastern segment of the loop, leads to the Yangtze River, the river to which Jiangyin owes its existence. Consequently, this segment will respond to the significance of the Yangtze River.}

不仅仅是步道

^{more than a path} 

该项目绝非架空步道那么简单，而是旨在营造更美丽的城市空间，将随意分布且毫无关联的景点串联起来，融入现代美学之精华；解决民生问题；提升当地形象；打造诗意氛围；注重成本效益，开发社交场所。

^{This project is more than just an elevated walkway, it seeks to generate better urban spaces, order previously random and disconnected decision making, engage with the best of contemporary aesthetics; solve problems, extend local iconography, be poetic, be cost effective, and open up social opportunities.} 

长江历史

^{the river story} 

长江是一处举世瞩目的自然风景。正如多数自然风景一样，人们身处喧嚣的城市，日复一日，美景总是在不经易间被忽略。作为城市基础设施又一新作，将再次向公众展现长江气势磅礴的特殊风貌。绿色步道已成为长江及支流沿岸众多城市的常见开发模式，沿着绿道纵向修建多个广场与露台。景点放置游客信息板，展示长江辉煌的历史。

^{The Yangtze River is a remarkable natural phenomenon. Like many natural phenomena, the hustle and bustle of everyday life of the city can mean this remarkable piece of landscape can often be taken for granted. This new piece of urban infrastructure is a great opportunity to remind the public of the extraordinary aspects of this mighty river. The greenway path has become a scaled model of the Yangtze River with the cities and tributaries along it length becoming plazas and balconies along the greenway. At these locations visitor information boards place these events in to the larger river story.}

无缝对接

^Stitching 

项目现场高速公路全程架空。出乎意料地，得益于英明的工程决策，高速公路并未成为城市的屏障。但是，项目所处公园却无法将城市有机串联起来。事实上，长条形公园更加注重南北向连接。故而，大大地阻碍了东西向的畅通。 

^{The freeway is lifted off the ground for it entire length of the site. Contrary to what one would think, and thanks to this enlightened engineering decision, the freeway is not a barrier in the city. However, the park in which it sits is not as helpful in keeping the city well connected. In fact this linear park with its emphasis on a major north-south connection becomes a frustrating barrier to east-west circulation.}

针对理想线路与路径进行细致入微的分析，重现公园活力，使其更具安全性。城市随之变得更加高效灵动。另外，连接通道确保绿道与公园其它区域、比邻街道以及人行步道网络的畅通连接。

^{A careful analysis of desire lines and shortcuts can rejuvenate the park with activity, make the park safer, and make the city more efficient. The stitching paths also ensure that the green way is connected to the rest of the park and to the adjacent streets and pedestrian circulation networks.}

精巧惊艳的设计

^{responsive AND surprising}

总体来讲，步道对既有道路及大量成熟植物进行了贴心与精妙的处理。项目设计清晰明白地阐述了步道特点：透明实心栏杆在保护隐私的同时，亦为游客打造出美妙迤逦的景致。高速公路隔音墙为人行步道营造出舒适感；两旁栽种的乔木提供了遮荫与独立空间；开阔景点配置坐椅，可俯瞰湖光山色与运河风光；地标性大桥采用桁架设计，颇具雕塑式造型感；街道交汇处的阶梯，将已有人行步道与绿道有机连接为一体。别具一格的附属设施，为比邻城市项目增色不少。

^{The path provided in the brief was a thoughtful and gentle response to the existing paths and the substantial well established planting material. The design of this project is a clear and legible response to this path, with: solid and transparent balustrades providing privacy or views; sound walls near the freeway for the comfort of the pedestrians; arbors to provide shade and enclosure; widenings with seating at locations overlooking lakes and canals; landmark bridges with sculptural trusses framing views for pedestrians; stairs located at street intersections to link existing pedestrian paths to the new greenway; and surprising additional programs that make the adjacent city programs work even better.}

规划与建造

^{place making AND programming}

据说，好地方必定是承载着回忆的空间。然而，片段式记忆却无法称之为美妙的回忆。沿着绿道闲庭信步，总能串联起各种各样的大事件；圆形剧场可供表演与休闲；抬高的广场配备永久性音晌设备，以供大众娱乐休憩；运动场配置球场、滑梯以及柔缓坡道，适合各年龄阶段的人们在此游玩嬉戏；不胜枚举。通过各种处理，打造出一个让人流连忘返的好去处。

^{It is said that place is space with memories attached. And that memories can’t be attached without articulation. Consequently the journey along this greenway is articulated with a number of variously scaled events; an amphitheatre for performances or relaxing on; a raised plaza with permanent sound instruments for all to play; an exercise playground with nets, slides and a gentle climbing ramp for all ages, to name a few – all providing the clarity and legibility to become memorable places.}

潜力无限

^{full of potential}

另外，在重要地段，设计增添了一些附属设施。围护结构诠释了如何因地制宜地利用比邻的既有道路与人行步道系统及新建绿道的地理优势。附属设施有助于完善景点装备，使重要地段更具活力，绿道更加安全与人性化。此外，商业项目的租赁使用有利于降低绿道运营成本。拟建项目包括：兼具销售与修理功能的自行车驿站；咖啡吧－酒吧－餐馆；商店；健身馆，等等。

^{This design also locates key places for optional programs and the building envelopes of these options describe how best to take advantage of their location adjacent to both the existing road and pedestrian system, and the new greenway. These optional programs can assist in making place and also generate more activity in key locations making the greenway a safer place to be. Rent from these commercial programs could also contribute to the running costs of the greenway. Potential programs include : bicycle hub for repair and sales; café-bar-restaurants; market; and gym sports shop.} 

整合所有组成构件

^{an integrated kit of parts} 

打造大型建筑与空间有两个基本方法—加法式，对细节作添加处理。或者，减法式，针对大型建筑作细化处理。附属工程常常有助于提升美感，核心在于糅合各种不同元素的理念。由此营造出一个非整合式效果。反之，减法式流程则可获得一个整合式方案。每一个元素都是对建筑进行减法处理的结果，建筑自身即是一个减法元素。该项目采用减法式流程建造。

^{There are two fundamental ways to generate large-scale forms and spaces – by adding small things together or by starting with a large thing and extracting pieces from it. The addition process often leads to an aesthetic of accretion, which has at its core the idea of the articulation of different elements. This can lead to a non-integrated result. The subtraction process leads to an integrated approach, because every element is either the result of the subtraction of something or it is itself the subtracted element. It is the subtraction process that this project explores.}

项目设计基于对所有组成构件的全盘考虑，并整合为一体，将无序变为有序。不仅赋予项目多样性，同时保留建筑的简单结构，利于成本控制。

^{The design of this project is based on a kit of parts, but parts of an integrated whole not an assemblage of disparate elements. This kit of parts allows diversity but retains construction simplicity and cost control.} 

结构

^Structure 

绿道全程采用钢架与预制件建造，从而降低对公园生态的影晌。

^{The entire greenway is built in steel and utilizes pre-fabricated to reduce the impact on the park.}

绿道露台

^{greenway deck} 

采用全钢结构设计以及彩色沥青混凝土铺装；绿道作预制处理，具有维修费用低，耐磨等优点。

^{A steel structure with a coloured bituminous concrete screed gives the greenway both the potential for prefabrication and a durable low-maintenance, long-wearing surface.}

间隔立柱

^{column spacing} 

支撑绿道的立柱高度为16米，位于区域中心，对人类活动无任何头高限制（例如匝道下方，等等）。针对有头高限制的区域，间隔立柱高度将增至32米，使人们在架空步道下方的社交活动更加灵活自如。

^{Columns supporting the greenway are at 16 metre centres in areas where there is no head height for human activity (under ramps, etc.). When there is head height the column spacing has been increased to 32 metres, to make the space under the elevated more flexible for community activities.}

薄膜、桁架与吊篮

^{membranes, trusses and cradles} 

桥梁跨度大小各有不同，可超过绿道的32米有效跨度。为了解决此问题，桥梁采用三种基本结构：可穿孔薄膜、桁架及悬空系统。

^{Bridge spans vary and can exceed the efficient 32m span of the greenway. To deal with this issue, the bridges explore three structural principles: perforated membranes, trusses, and suspension systems.}

薄膜备选方案有两个：其一，质量大的地方采用中间跨接法，恰似一个弧形拱门；其二，增加支撑体质量，起到抗拉伸结构的作用。桁架系统中常见的华伦式桁架改为一连串倾斜的过滤膜；悬空方案采用支撑式动态吊篮。综合应用多个方案，将每座桥梁都打造成为城市中独特靓丽的地标式建筑。

^{There are two membrane options: one where the greater mass sits mid-span and acts as an arch; the second option has mass at the supports and acts as a tensile structure. The truss system turns the familiar Warren truss into a series of inclined membranes, and the suspension option explores a propped cradle dynamic. These options provide variety of combinations to assist in making each bridge a unique landmark in the city.}

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