共享空间与宜居生活——新加坡实践经验
Sharing Space and Liveable Life in Singapore Practices
作者:薛菲,刘少瑜 Fei XUE, Stephen Siu Yu LAU
摘要
近年来,共享经济所引发的变革对城市空间和人们的生活方式产生了深远的影响。快速的城镇化进程和人口的急剧扩张使得城市中挑战与机遇并存,因而亟待构建一个周密详尽的社会规划和管理体系来应对这一问题。新加坡是亚洲地区少有的在高密度前提下仍然能够达到高宜居标准的城市范例。笔者通过策略回顾和案例研究,展示了新加坡在城市宜居性和可持续发展方面的实践经验,并提出决策制定、空间规划和场地管理三个关键议题。该研究有助于在共享城市发展的新纪元推动实施各项可改善公共健康状况和提高生活品质的策略。
关键词
共享空间;宜居性;综合发展;新加坡
Abstract
In recent years, the revolution brought by sharing economy has significantly shaped the urban space and lifestyles. Cities face both huge challenges and great opportunities in the rapid urbanization and population aggregation, which depends on a well-planned and -governed human society. Singapore is one of few high-dense cities that are able to achieve high liveable standards in the Asian context. The authors reveal the Singapore practices on urban liveability and sustainable development via strategy review and case study, which addresses three key issues in policy-making, spatial arrangement, and site management. This research contributes to facilitating the implementation of public health promotion and quality life improvement in the new era of sharing city.
Key words
Sharing Space; Liveability; Integrated Development; Singapore
城市公共空间环境设计创新途径与导向研究
Research on Innovative Approaches and Guidance for Urban Public Space Design
作者:姚雪艳,徐孟 Xueyan YAO, Meng XU
摘要
在现今城市建设趋于理性、设计项目紧缩的行业背景下,创新策略成为转“危机”为“契机”之所必需。纵观既往城市公共空间环境设计创新措施,无不与因城市发展演变而出现的政治体制变革、空间环境恶化、社区精神匮乏、城区产业转型、生态功能退化等问题紧密相关。本文针对我国城市公共空间环境建设现存问题,提出强化“用户体验”、回归“城市自然”、跨学科“技术协作”、成本控制“开源节流”等创新途径,以期使当代城市环境设计遵循促进城市人文意识提升与生态环境复兴的可持续发展之路。
关键词
城市公共空间;创新;用户体验;城市生态;学科交叉
Abstract
For designers suffering from slowed-down urban development and shrinking economics, innovative design can help turn a slow down into an opportunity. As various issues emerge with the development of urban areas, such as the political renovation, spatial environment deterioration, erosion of community spirit, industrial transformation, and ecosystem degradation, innovative strategies can produce better public open space design. This article discusses how enhancing user experience, returning to urban nature, and interdisciplinary technologies can promote social consciousness and revitalize urban ecologies.
Key words
Urban Public Spaces; Innovative Approaches; User Experience; Urban Ecology; Interdiscipline
从所有到所用的共享未来——诸大建谈共享经济与共享城市
From Possession to Use — An Interview with Dajian Zhu on Sharing Economy and Sharing City
作者:诸大建,佘依爽 Dajian ZHU,Yishuang SHE
摘要
随着共享经济在中国及世界范围产生越来越深远的影响,其定义、目的和如何构建成为城市公共管理学科讨论的方向之一。此次访谈基于共享经济的概念展开,指出共享经济产生的背景是从拥有导向转向使用导向的消费社会的转型,是消费模式和生活方式的变革,并以提高生活的效用与福祉为最终目的。因此,在中国现阶段从增量规划向存量规划转型的城镇化过程中,顺应共享经济的发展趋势,以最低的“物质拥有”完成最高的“使用效用”是城市发展的关键所在。
关键词
共享经济;共享城市;存量规划
Abstract
With the increasing influence of sharing economy in China and throughout the world, its definition, objectives, and development methods have become one of the topics for the science of urban public management. This interview points out that the sharing economy has emerged under the background of the transition of consumer society from possession-orientation to use-orientation, and the revolution of consumption mode and lifestyle with an ultimate aim of improving the efficiency and well-being. As a result, in China’s urbanization process which is now shifting from incremental planning to inventory planning, the key for urban development lies in the promotion of the sharing economy and achieving maximum utility with minimum material possession.
Key words
Sharing Economy; Sharing City; Inventory Planning
从空间视角看共享经济时代的城市
Cities in the Era of Sharing Economy: From a Perspective of Urban Space
作者:陈立群 Liqun CHEN
摘要
城市是现代生活最重要的“容器”,其中不仅包括商品和信息的交换,还包括社会关系的生产和消费。也正是城市对商品、信息、人、关系的集聚,催生了共享经济的繁荣和增长。从Airbnb、Uber,到共享单车、共享办公空间,“共享”似乎成为了一种新的经济模型和范式,随移动互联网向每个人的日常生活席卷而来。面对以共享经济为代表的新经济模式和更加开放的社会关系,城市生活不可避免地发生了巨大变化。而当我们用“共享”的视角看待城市,将共享经济的理念应用到城市中,这不仅意味着城市内部动力和社会经济过程将迎来变化,也意味着城市空间将重新构建。为了应对这些变化和挑战,已经有多个城市开始了对更加共享、开放的城市图景的探索,而我们当前的城市空间框架似乎并未完全做好准备。本文从空间性的视角出发,将共享经济及其特征对应到城市空间的探讨中,剖析和展望这场共享革命中的城市空间。
关键词
共享经济;城市;公共空间;空间性
Abstract
The city, where modern urban life happens, not only allows for the exchange of goods and information, but also accommodates the production and consumption of social relations. The gathering of goods, information, people, and social relations in cities has promoted the growth of sharing economy. From Airbnb, Uber, to shared bicycles and shared office space, the idea of "sharing" seems to have become a new economic model and paradigm which, along with the mobile Internet, is rolling into everyone's daily life. In facing the new economy, which is characterized by sharing economy, and the more open social relations, urban life is inevitably undergoing dramatic changes. When we examine the city through the lens of sharing and apply the concept of sharing into urban design and management, it will not only bring great changes to the city's internal dynamics and socio-economic process, but also lead to a reconstruction of urban space. Responding to these changes and challenges, a number of cities are seeking for a more shared and open future, yet which could not be supported by the current urban space. This article tries to discuss the sharing economy and its characteristics with the study of contemporary urban space in order to envision the future of urban space within this revolution of sharing.
Key words
Sharing Economy; City; Public Space; Spatiality
首尔共享城市:依托共享解决社会与城市问题
Sharing City Seoul: Solving Social and Urban Issues through Sharing
作者:知识共享韩国 Creative Commons Korea
摘要
韩国首尔市政府于2012年9月宣布“首尔共享城市”计划,旨在复兴城市共享文化以解决社会和经济问题。为应对经济放缓、福利减少、环境污染、社会隔离和社区精神缺失等一系列社会和城市问题,首尔市政府领导提出这一计划,希望通过建立共享生态系统并将其作为首尔经济的一部分,实现在不投入额外资源的前提下缓解上述压力的目标。首尔案例的独特性在于,其基于一种创新性的公私合营模式而施行,共享政策作为一项城市政策是由市政府而非私营部门主导。通过奠定坚实的基础,使共享城市项目深入人心,以及与市民及地区级政府合作,携手传播共享政策,首尔市正在积极探索,为建立共享城市树立榜样。
基于知识共享协议(Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License),本文选编自《首尔用共享描绘城市》一书。通过阐述推进首尔共 享城市发展进程的城市战略,包括完善法律制度、支持共享企业、促进公民参与等,本文旨在为探索更加共享、可持续的城市未来提供愿景和见解。
关键词
共享城市;首尔;政策;指导方针;公共私营合作制
Abstract
Sharing City Seoul, a plan to revive the sharing culture on a city level to solve the social and economic problems, was proclaimed by the Seoul Metropolitan Government in September 2012. Confronted with a variety of social and urban issues around economic slowdown, welfare decrease, environmental pollution, social isolation and diminishing community spirit, the city leaders of Seoul introduced the plan to reduce pressures in these areas without putting additional resources in, by establishing a sharing ecosystem and embracing it as an integral part of Seoul’s economy. Seoul’s case is unique as the sharing policies were led by the city government as a city policy rather than the private sector, based on a creative, public-private partnership model. The city has taken initiatives to lead by example by building the foundation for the sharing city project to take root and spreading policies through collaboration with citizens and district level governments as partners.
This paper is a derivative of Seoul Draws a City through Sharing under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. By elaborating on the city’s strategies that have enabled Sharing City Seoul to make progress, including improving laws and institutions, supporting sharing enterprises, and facilitating citizen participation, this paper explores visions and insights for a more sharing and sustainable urban future.
Key words
Sharing City; Seoul; Policy; Guideline; Public-Private Partnership
社会复愈,数字再地——以大数据策略实现空间自组织
Social Restoration and Digital Relocalization — A Big Data Strategy for Spatial Self-organization
作者:徐磊青,言语,黄舒晴 Leiqing XU, Yu YAN, Shuqing HUANG
摘要
本文介绍了408研究小组+在2016年“上海城市设计挑战赛”中,针对衡山路-复兴路历史文化风貌区的历史保护所提出的方案,并藉此强调了研究数据平台与使用者之间关系的重要性。该方案主张复愈而非修复,生长而非生产,提倡从多元主体角度去思考历史风貌区的原真性,推动当下风貌区的保护与更新。设计方提出架设“漫步衡复”和“弄堂之声”两大应用平台,通过将大数据融入城市治理来实现城市更新,并力图使数据参与平台与城市自组织和空间代理协调配合,形成可以持续发挥效用的共同体。
关键词
大数据;多元主体;自组织;城市更新;空间代理
Abstract
This article introduces Team 408+’s design for the protection of the Hengshan Road-Fuxing Road Historical and Cultural Area in the 2016 Shanghai Urban Design Challenge, with the aim to emphasize the significance of the relationship between data platforms and their users. In promoting the historical and cultural protection, the design advocates remediation with spatial self-organization rather than restoration with physical development, and encourages multi-stakeholders’ participation. This project also proposes two mobile applications, “Wandering in Heng-Fu” and “Voice of Alleys,” to apply big data into urban management and to establish sustainable communities by harmonizing big data platforms with urban self-organization development and spatial management.
Key words
Big Data; Multiple Stakeholders; Self-organization; Urban Regeneration; Spatial Agency
从可食景观到活力社区——四叶草堂上海社区花园系列实践
From Edible Landscape to Vital Communities: Clover Nature School Community Gardens in Shanghai
作者:刘悦来,范浩阳,魏闽,尹科娈,严建雯 Yuelai LIU, Haoyang FAN, Min WEI, Keluan YIN, Jianwen YAN
摘要
本文基于四叶草堂近年完成的不同类型的社区花园,探讨在当下中国的高密度都市区中,公共参与及可食景观营造的可能性和方向。上海四叶草堂青少年自然体验服务中心的社区花园实践均是在“都市的朴门”理念下展开的,通过赋权给社区居民,提升他们的归属感和主人翁精神,并建立了政府、企业、社会组织和民众相互协作的机制。
关键词
社区花园;可食景观;城市更新;公众参与
Abstract
This paper discusses the possibility and direction of public participation and edible landscape construction in China's high-density metropolitan areas. It is based on the different types of community gardens completed by Shanghai Clover Nature School Teenager Nature Experience Service Center in recent years under the concept of "Urban Permaculture." By endowing rights to the inhabitants of the community, these examples have helped the participants become owners and established cooperation mechanisms between government, enterprises, social organizations, and the public.
Key words
Community Garden; Edible Landscape; Urban Renewal; Public Participation
同一座公园:圣詹姆斯公园设计竞赛方案
One Park: A Proposal for St. James Park Design Competition
作者:WRT设计事务所 WRT
摘要
通过一种变革性的设计方式,圣詹姆斯公园得以恢复其在圣何塞市中心历史区域的核心地位,并成为推动圣何塞市复兴的催化剂。WRT设计事务所采用的设计策略聚焦于如何激活公园,连接公园内部与周边区域,以及对其所在社区和历史元素的尊重,旨在将公园重塑为圣何塞市民最喜爱的城市目的地。
关键词
圣詹姆斯公园;城市绿地;复兴;公众参与
Abstract
Uniting St. James Park through a transformative design process positions the park as the center of its historic district and as a catalyst for the ongoing revitalization of downtown San José. WRT’s design strategies focus on park activation, connections within and around the park, and celebration of community and history to reimagine the park as a favorite destination for the residents of San José.
Key words
St. James Park; Urban Green Space; Revitalization; Public Engagement
打造永恒之美:新加坡国立大学中的共享景观层设计和场所营造
Crafting the Timeless Beauty: Designing of Shared Landscape Layers and Place-Making at the National University of Singapore
作者:STX景观设计事务所 STX Landscape Architects
摘要
城市密度的日益增加深刻影响了城市空间的形态及人们的生活方式,随之产生了对于社会中具有不同功能的分层景观的需求,以通过精巧的设计来融合“多样性”。而便于人们在群体中或个体之间分享知识、传播信仰和价值观,并最终推动社会发展的学习场所,则是体现“共享范式”的理想环境。本文将着重讨论现代视角下分层景观的特征,并以新加坡国立大学大学城的跨文化愿景为例,探讨设计方法、尺度及文化在推动设计、分层及共享过程中的作用。
关键词
场所营造;共享的景观层;多样性;互动;容纳;合作
Abstract
Increasing intensification of urban density impacts urban spaces and lifestyles, necessitating in society a landscape canvas suitably layered for diverging needs and goals, and ideally blended to cater to “multiplicities” in well-designed fusions. Places of learning — where knowledge, beliefs and values are transferred to and between groups and individuals to better society — is an ideal environment where this “sharing paradigm” manifests. This paper focuses on layered landscapes of contemporary dimensions; approach, scale and cultural references, contributing to design, layering, and sharing, through the cross-cultural visions of the University Town of National University of Singapore.
Key words
Place Making; Shared Landscape Layers; Diversity; Interaction; Inclusion; Collaboration
流浪“巢”——福州琴亭高架桥桥下空间改造
“Nests” for the Homeless — Reutilization of the Space under Qinting Viaduct in Fuzhou
作者:胡建国 Jianguo HU
摘要
在当代城市中,流浪人群在路边、广场、桥底等地露宿的情况并不少见。针对这一现象,笔者展开了深入调研,试图为这一特定目标人群探寻改善现状的潜在方案。该设计提出“巢”的概念,并以福州火车站附近的琴亭高架桥桥下空间改造为例,展示利用废弃集装箱与高架桥桥下空间,为流浪人群打造生态、可持续的休憩“巢”空间的方案。在充分利用城市公共空间的同时,在快速发展的城市中呼唤人文关怀,注入新的活力。
关键词
流浪人群;集装箱;高架桥;巢;可持续性
Abstract
It is common to see homelessness living in the roadside, square, under the bridge and other places in contemporary cities. In this project, the designer undertook an investigation in order to explore a potential solution of creating shelters for the homeless. Taking a concept of “nest,” the design reuses the space under the Qinting Viaduct near the Fuzhou Railway Station, creating a series of ecological and sustainable “nest” space by cutting, superposing, and arranging disused containers for homeless people. By reutilizing delicate urban spaces, this project injects humanistic care and vitality into the rapidly developing city.
Key words
Homelessness; Container; Viaduct; Nest; Sustainability
间隙香港
Interstitial Hong Kong
作者:陆小璇,伊凡•瓦林,苏姗•特朗芙 Xiaoxuan Lu, Ivan Valin, Susanne Trumpf
摘要
“间隙空间”是那些跨越边界或使边界在此交错的中间地带。“间隙香港”项目关注香港的“休憩处”,即一种以超小尺度著称、通常置身于香港“犄角旮旯”之中的独特公共空间类型。休憩处并非优雅从容地“融入”城市:它们因分布广、面积小而鲜少被人关注,并通常以临时、投机的方式被转变为公共设施。事实上,休憩处是处于中间地带的、多余、模糊和残留的空间,它们反映着香港的文化、生态和地理环境。间隙香港项目对香港的这类小型景观空间进行批判性的空间分析,提取和传达此类景观所共有的空间、组织或过程特征。该项目从城市环境和生态环境两种尺度展开,并参考从使用者视角出发的构造元素组合类型,来分析休憩处的特征。在间隙香港项目中,休憩处不仅被视作一种物理实体,亦是一种概念性和过程性的设计策略。
关键词
间隙;香港;偶然性;共享空间
Abstract
Interstitial spaces are in-between spaces situated within or bridging over the various built structures in the city’s dense urban environment. The project Interstitial Hong Kong focuses on Hong Kong’s Sitting-out Areas, a unique public space typology distinguished by their small size and incidence in the interstices of Hong Kong’s physical structure. Often overseen in their high occurrence but small size, and opportunistically transformed into a public object with value, sitting-out areas don not “fit” in the city; they are in-between, redundant, vague, leftover spaces, and reflect the cultural, ecological, and geographical settings of Hong Kong. By developing a critical spatial analysis of small landscape spaces in Hong Kong, as well as collecting and communicating their unifying spatial, organizational or procedural attributes, Interstitial Hong Kong examines Sitting-out Areas at the scale of both immediate urban and ecological contexts, and the spatial assemblage in reference to the occupant. The project looks at Sitting-out Areas as not only a physical artifact, but also a conceptual and procedural design strategy.
Key words
Interstitial; Hong Kong; Contingency; Shared Space
不同寻常的河流
Uncommon River
作者:梅尔韦•拜德尔,卢博•格奥尔基耶夫 Merve BEDIR, Ljubo GEORGIEV
摘要
本文以保加利亚的马里查河为研究对象,从公共空间、景观、基础设施和经济层面,呈现并探讨了“共有”和“共有物”的概念。共有的概念质询了人们所假定的“河流作为边界”的属性,即认为该边界划分了自然与文化、北方与南方、“欧洲”与“非欧洲”、私有与公共等;使我们将经济视作一种有关联络、分享、制造、开放、关联和生产等日常行为的活动;亦带来了探索新型共存模式的机遇,而非仅为现存模式寻找替代品。
由人类日复一日共同享用及生产的思想、种子、水源、空气、文化和空间,都是共有物。它们跨越时间和地域界限,是集体共同努力、研究、思考和创造的结晶。在2015年的“建筑周”活动期间,我们探索了普罗夫迪夫的城市网络,并以河为媒介来创造囊括本土和跨国双重尺度的新网络,聚焦于沿河或跨河的、水上或水下的得以承载民众集体行为的“公有”空间。我们或翻阅文献,或聆听诉说;或争辩,或想象;或沐浴阳光之下,或泛舟河道之中;且不断学习、创作、再创作。
关键词
共有;共有物;边界;马里查河
Abstract
This paper will present and discuss the notion of communing and common(s) in terms of public space, landscape, infrastructure, and economics, focusing on Maritsa River. Commoning as questioning the assumed nature of the river as a border: a border between nature and culture, north and south, “European” and “non-European,” private and public…. Commoning as discussing economy as the everyday actions of connecting, sharing, making, opening, relating and producing together. Commoning as exploring new co-existences and not as creating a substitute to the existing.
Ideas, seeds, water, air, cultures and spaces, which we collectively produce each and every day, all of those are commons. They are the results of collective efforts, research, thought and creation across time and regions. During One Architecture Week 2015, we explored the networks in Plovdiv and creating new ones locally, and across countries, through spaces of collective action along and across the river, on and under the water. We read, listened, debated, imagined, sunbathed, rowed, learned, produced, and re-produced.
Key words
Commoning; Common(s); Border; Maritsa River