孙虎先生在第55届IFLA世界大会上的发言 | 新山水的审视与实践

2018第55届IFLA世界大会于2018年7月18—21日在新加坡举行，此次大会由国际风景园林师联合会（IFLA）主办，由新加坡风景园林师学会（SILA）承办。本届大会的主题是：Biophilic City, Smart Nation and Future Resilience。山水比德作品【龙湖高碑店•列车新城】，在众多竞争者中脱颖而出，荣获文化传统类(THE CULTURAL AND TRADITIONALS CATEGORY)卓越奖！【详细获奖详情请点击左侧链接！】昨日，山水比德集团董事长兼首席设计师孙虎先生应邀出席于新加坡举行的第55届IFLA世界大会，并在大会主会场上作重要发言。

2018AFLA大会主题

自然友好城市/ Biophilia

本主题探讨了在快速发展的城市背景下，风景园林的学科和实践。著名可持续城市研究者Timothy Beatley认为新加坡可作为一个自然友好城市的例子，他反问“到底什么是自然友好城市，它的主要特征和品质是什么？”“也许最简单的答案是”，他说，“这是一个把自然置于设计、规划和管理的第一位的城市，它认识到人们日常接触自然的必要性，以及自然和自然系统所提供的许多环境和经济价值。”

关键词：生态系统服务、景观都市主义、绿色基础设施、康复花园、城市农场

智慧国家/Smart

在越来越数字化的社会背景下定位风景园林，我们渴望扩展我们衡量和评估环境的能力，通过远程传感器和探头的帮助来延伸我们的感觉器官。信息技术和数据分析的出现可以帮助我们量化我们对景观的理解，以增强我们对设计过程的见解。风景园林学如何作为跨学科的方法和适当地使用技术手段，并且，提供实用的解决方案和新的概念来解决气候变化、城市化和新的社会愿望带来的许多艰巨挑战？

关键词：增强和虚拟现实，地理设计，点云技术，城市信息学，社交媒体，云资源

未来弹性/Resilience

了解风景园林师如何帮助修复城市内受损的基础设施系统。风景园林师正在逐渐跨越他们的学科，用其他领域的专业知识开发一些框架、概念和工具，以克服生物多样性丧失、洪水和其他环境冲突的威胁。尽管威胁越来越大，我们如何确保这些系统持续运行，并保持强劲？在受到很大的冲击后，我们如何用有限的资源来设计和修复？在围绕城市弹性这一主题问题的持续对话中，风景园林的作用何在？

关键词：减缓气候变化、多层防御、生物多样性丧失、干旱、洪水、污染、极端高温、灾害管理

《新山水的审视与实践》

昨日，山水比德集团董事长兼首席设计师孙虎先生应邀出席于新加坡举行的第55届IFLA世界大会，并在大会主会场上作重要发言。他以《新山水的审视与实践》为题，阐释了新山水理论在荣获文化传统类卓越奖(THE CULTURAL AND TRADITIONALS CATEGORY)【龙湖高碑店•列车新城】中的运用。发言受到了与会者的广泛好评。

以下为本场发言实录>>>

^{▲ 孙虎先生现场发言}

重返自然，正在成为一个普世意义的追求，不论是在设计的，艺术的，生活的……根据多年设计实践，以及对当代栖居精神的研究，我们提出了基于以重返自然山水为解决路径的新山水设计方法论——

Returning to nature is becoming a universal pursuit,no matter in design,art and life...

Based on the years of design practice and researchingon

the spirit of contemporary dwelling, we propose solving the nowadays’problem based on returning to natural landscapes.That is,New Landscape Design Methodology.

即根植于山水的自然精神与文化价值，以人比德于自然的情感交流为媒介，依据现代生活的方式，通过当下的科技、工艺与材料等，为一切生命进化的信息流动建构诗意空间。

That is, the natural spirit and cultural value rooted in the landscape;taking the emotional exchange of human beings and nature as the medium,according to the way of modern life; through the current technology, craftsmanship and materials;constructing a poetic space for the flow of information on all life evolution.

以荣获IFLA文化传统类(THE CULTURAL AND TRADITIONALS CATEGORY)卓越奖的河北高碑店紫泉公馆为例，文化山水即行宫园林的现代转译。

Take the project Gaobeidian Ziquan River Garden for example, which just won the Excellent of Award under the cultural and traditionals category of IFLA. A modern Translation of Palace Gardens.

项目位于河北高碑店，依托紫泉河，是清朝紫泉行宫遗址所在。景观以紫泉行宫为原型，依托行宫文化，利用古典造园手法，融入现代简约元素，打造东方色彩浓烈的景观空间，兼具人文和生态特征。

Lying by the ZiquanRiver in Gaobeidian,Hebei Province, the project site was once the home to ZiquanPalace, a travelling palace for the emperors in Qing Dynasty. The landscape design models after the palace and references its unique culture. It employs the classic gardening approach and incorporates modern and minimalistic elements to create humanistic and ecological landscaped spaces of distinct oriental charm.

紫泉行宫为清朝皇帝南巡驻跸之所，建于清朝乾隆初年。清乾隆皇帝曾在此驻跸14次，每每触景生情，挥毫作诗，累计达125首之多。

Built in the early years during the Qianlong Reign of Qing Dynasty, Ziquan Palace served the emperors on their southern inspection tours. Emperor Qianlong, who stayed over at the palace for 14 tours, was so fascinated and inspired by the views here that he wrote 125 poems about the palace.

^{▲ 清.冷枚.避暑山庄图 Mountain Resort by Leng Mei of Qing Dynasty}

在充分研究以紫泉行宫及避暑山庄等为代表的行宫园林基础上，景观设计对空间逻辑和形式逻辑上进行了现代的解构和重建——

Based on researches of the gardens of travelling palaces like Ziquan Palace and Mountain Resort etc, we deconstruct and reconstruct the spatial and formal logic in the landscape design.

在空间逻辑上，礼制空间与自然空间交融，实现“隐·礼·桥·庭·溪·堂”的重构；在形式逻辑上，达成山水画卷的抽象纯粹表达，从而营造形、境、韵上的山水形制。

Spatial logic

Integration of ritual spaces and natural space

A reconstruction focusing on view-hiding, ritual, bridge, courtyard, stream and hall.

Formal logic

Abstract and pure expression of landscape scroll

Landscape paradigm in form, context and rhythm.

以紫泉行宫为依托，以行宫文化和山水精神为内核，将“礼制”和“自然”交融，以现代手法将古典转译设计景观，在保护和继承传统文化的基础上营造一种千年东方礼仪的诗意氛围。通过景观，将自然界的“山水”转译为可与现代城市共存的“自然空间”，使山水回归人的生活，满足人们寄情山水、颐养心性的精神要求和价值取向。

With reference to ZiquanPalace and focusing on the palace culture and landscape concept thereof, the

project integrates the ritual with the nature, translate the classic garden into landscape through modern approaches, and eventually create a poetic

context of millennial oriental ritual on top of the heritage of traditional culture. 

In landscape design, the natural landscape is translated into natural spaces that can co-exist with the modern city, bringing back the nature to people’s life and meeting their spiritual pursuit and values for nature and inner peace.

白石遮目，如云横秀岭。入口处，以隐的手法，呼应“屏山诗”，将空间与外界分隔，形成咫尺山林的幽奥，以自然营造入隐的节点，用现代艺术点题空间。

The white stones block the views,appearing like the white cloud floating over the green mountains. 

The entrance echoes to the poem Screen-like Rockeries with a view-hiding approach to separate the project space with the external one, create a seclusion by the mountain forest and highlight the space with contemporary art works.

山水形制，自然礼遇。

The landscape paradigm pays tribute to thenature.

将山水进行解构和重塑，以古典园林的框景、借景为手法，半遮半透，将远未远。

The natural landscape is deconstructed and theclassic gardening approaches are employed to reshape the half-hiding views ofvaried distances.

山水晴岚，虹桥卧波。桥在行进的动线上制造了一处含蓄的屏蔽：一水之隔不见全貌，随着阶梯的不断推进，隔岸世界也不短淡入眼前。

A rainbow-like bridge spans over therippling water, while the mountains and lakes are bathed in sunlight. The bridge gently blocks the view to the otherside of the water as one moves around. The view of the opposite side of thewater is only partially visible, attracting the visitors to ascend along thesteps for more views.

水天一色，期然洞见。

由实见虚，虚实结合。透过半透的玻璃幕墙的月洞门，若隐若现的迭水瀑布，精致的造型松，反复推敲的置石，皆有考究。

The sky and moon gate and their reflectionson water surface present a fascinating and inspiring view.

The void is made visible through thesolidness while the two are perfectly blended with each other. The moon gate inthe translucent glass façade, the partially visible cascaded waterfalls, theexquisite potted pines, and the elaborately arranged rockery are all carefullydevised.

芳草缘溪，落英缤纷。

走过毛面板桥，穿过月洞门，豁然开朗，宛如桃花源：山水叠瀑，寻溪而上，曲径通幽。

Grass and flowers adore the gently flowingstream.

Walking over the rough-facing plank bridgeand through the moon gate, one would be suddenly immersed into a generous openspace of Arcadia. The cascading waterfalls peacefully flow over the elegantlystaggered rockery, while the winding path leads to further seclusion as onemoves against the current of the stream.

青绿山水，登堂入室。

张大千的青绿山水，户外艺术树脂地面，色调与建筑互相衬托，形成广场中心的视觉焦点。两侧的迭水景墙，作为空间氛围的调节剂，形成中心景观轴的视觉转移点。

The landscape that resembles the famousgreen and blue landscape painting of the master painter Chang Dai-Chien, andthe artistic resin ground outdoor echo with the architecture in tone andprovide the visual focus of the square. The cascading water walls on eitherside help foster the desired atmosphere in the space and offer visuallydistracting point of the central landscape axis.

在古典艺术的教养中，我们保有自然的基因。自然，不仅是古典文化的原型，更是文明的未来必然。借由山水，重新审视当下现实，重返自然趋向生态文明，以山水见文化，以自然见文明，创新，引领诗意栖居。

Under the cultivation of classical art, we retain the genes of nature.Nature is not only the prototype of classical culture, but also the future of civilization.

Re-examine the current reality through the landscape, return to nature and tend to ecological civilization

Seeing culture in landscape, seeing civilization in nature.Innovation, leading the poetic dwelling.

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